Southeast Asian Social Structures, Imperialism, and History

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering social structures, government types, kinship systems, gender roles, and historical stages of colonialism and imperialism in the Philippines and Southeast Asia.

Estrukturang Panlipunan

The pattern of relationships between individuals and institutions in a society, encompassing the division into sectors, their respective roles, and their interrelations.

Ugnayang Pangkapangyarihan

The relationship and balance of power between individuals and social sectors or groups, determining who makes decisions and benefits versus who is deprived.

Sekular na Lipunan

A society with a separation between state and religion, where laws are not based on religious doctrine and religion exerts no direct control over government.

Di-sekular na Lipunan

A society where religion plays a direct role in governance, maintains an official religion, and bases its laws and policies on religious principles and customs.

Republika

A system of government where leadership is non-hereditary and leaders are typically elected by the citizens or their representatives.

Monarkiya

A form of government ruled by a king, queen, or monarch, categorized into absolute monarchy and constitutional monarchy.

Absolutong Monarkiya

A type of monarchy where the power of the monarch is absolute and unlimited.

Konstitusyonal na Monarkiya

A type of monarchy where the power of the monarch is limited by a constitution.

Awtokratiko

A system of government characterized by the concentration of power in a single person or group.

BARMM

Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, an autonomous region recognizing the self-governance rights of Filipino Muslims, featuring Shari'a courts and Madrasah schools.

Pamilya

The primary unit of society where an individual first learns values, customs, and knowledge, shaping identity and personhood.

Pagkakamag-anak

The kinship system and set of relationships existing among family members, serving as the foundation of community relations.

Tungkulin ng mga Kasarian (Gender Roles)

The roles, responsibilities, and behaviors established and promoted by society based on sexuality.

Nuclear Family

A family structure centered strictly on parents and their children.

Extended Family

A traditional family structure that includes grandparents, uncles, aunts, and other relatives alongside parents and children.

Patrilinyal

A kinship system where lineage, property, inheritance, and family culture are recognized through the father's side.

Matrilinyal

A kinship system where lineage, property, inheritance, and family culture are recognized through the mother's side.

Bilateral Kinship

A kinship system where relationships on both the mother's and father's sides are recognized and treated as equally important.

Patrilocal

A post-marital residence rule where newlyweds live in or near the home of the groom's family.

Matrilocal

A post-marital residence rule where newlyweds live in or near the home of the bride's family.

Neolocal

A post-marital residence rule where newlyweds establish a new, independent residence far from both families.

Bilocal

A post-marital residence rule allowing newlyweds to choose whether to live with the groom's or the bride's family.

Babaylan

Female leaders in pre-colonial Philippine communities whose roles evidence the relatively equal status enjoyed by women prior to Spanish colonization.

Kolonyalismo

Derived from the Latin word 'colonia', it is the process where a nation or territory establishes formal occupation, actual control, or ownership over another.

Kolonyalista

The occupying power that imposes its culture, religion, and way of life onto a conquered territory.

Kolonya

The conquered territory or nation that experiences deep and widespread structural changes in its way of life.

Imperyalismo

Derived from the Latin word 'imperium', it describes a nation's influence over another through actual conquest or economic, political, and military pressure.

Tuwirang Kolonyalismo

Direct colonial rule involving explicit governance, law enforcement, and appointment of foreign officials in the occupied territory.

Di-tuwirang Kolonyalismo

Indirect colonial rule where local leaders retain administrative power as long as they follow orders and serve the interests of the colonizers.

White man's burden

A colonial ideology premised on racial superiority, asserting that 'superior' races have a duty to civilize and educate 'lower' races.

Ferdinand Magellan

The European explorer who arrived in the Philippines in 1521 and was killed during the Battle of Mactan.

Kasunduan sa Tordesillas

The 1494 treaty between Spain and Portugal that divided the non-Christian world along a meridian 370 leagues west of Cape Verde.

Juan Sebastian Elcano

The navigator who successfully completed the first full circumnavigation of the globe.

Vasco da Gama

The Portuguese explorer who led the expedition to India by sailing around the southern tip of Africa.

Merkantilismo

An economic system during the Age of Exploration where a nation's power was measured by its stored wealth of gold and silver, driving exclusive trade monopolies.

Miguel López de Legazpi

The Spanish conqueror who arrived in 1565 and established the first permanent Spanish settlement in Cebu, later making Manila the center of trade and government.

Kalakalang Galeon

The trade route linking Manila and Acapulco, bringing silver from Mexico to purchase goods in the Philippines, which were then resold in Spain.

Engkomyenda

A Spanish colonial grant awarding land governance to individual Spaniards, who collected taxes or tribute from the native population.

Polos y servicio

A forced labor system during the Spanish colonial period requiring males aged 16 to 60 to work for 40 days annually.

Afonso de Albuquerque

The Portuguese military commander who led the attack and capture of Melaka in 1511.

A Famosa

The fortress built by the Portuguese in Melaka to serve as their operational center for expansion across Southeast Asia.

Ikalawang Yugto ng Imperyalismo

The period from the mid-19th to the 20th century when Western powers expanded control over Africa, Asia, and the Pacific due to industrialization and global competition.

Cash crops

Agricultural products such as sugarcane planted on commercial plantations strictly for export and market profit.

Cariñosa

A traditional Philippine dance that incorporates a blend of indigenous and Western cultural elements.