Pathogen Cards set 2 (copy)

Ebola/ marbug Virus

Signs and symptoms- Capillary fragility is extreme and patients can bleed from their orifices and mucous membranes.

infective source- direct contact, body fluids, bats?

diagnosis- PCR viral culture (conducted at CDC)

treatment- New drugs developed for ongoing outbreaks in Africa

Prevention- New Ebola vaccine tested and approved in 2016

Hantavirus

Infective source- vehicle airborne virus emitted from rodents

diagnosis- serology (IgM), PCR identification of antigen in tissue

treatment- supportive

prevention- avoid mouse habitats and droppings

Hantavirus

Also referred to as Pulmonary Syndrome

Hantavirus

signs and symptoms- Prodromal phase includes- fever, chills, muscle aches, headache, nausea, vomitting, diarrhea, acute lung symptoms- severe breathing difficulties

SARS Coronavirus

A Virus

infective source- droplet contact, airborne

diagnosis- RT-PCR, Ab and Ag tests

treatment- antivirals such as Paxlovid

prevention- vaccine mitigation efforts

SARS Coronavirus

signs and symptoms- acute respiratory symptoms vomiting and diarrhea affects cells of the nervous system loss of taste and smell. Infections may be mid and asymptomatic.

Coccidioides immitis

infective source- vehicle ( air dust and soil)

Diagnosis- Identification of spherules, cultivation on sabourauds agar

Treatment- fluconazole or amphotericin B

prevention- Avoiding airborne endospore

Coccidioides immitis

signs and symptoms- fever, cough, chest pain, cold, rashes, night sweats, joint aches, etc. If condition worsens can cause weight loss, nodules in lungs and ulcers and skin lesions.

Coccidioides immitis

Also reffered to as Valley Fever

RSV Respiratory syncytial Virus

A Virus

shape syncytia formation

infective source- droplet and indirect contact

diagnosis- RT-PCR

treatment- Ribavirin plus passive antibody in severe cases

prevention- Passive antibody (humanized monoclonal) in high-risk children

RSV Respiratory syncytial Virus

signs and symptoms- Fever for 3 days, rhinitis, pharyngitis, and otitis, dyspnea and abnormal breathing (rales). Condition is called “croup” and bronchiotis

Erythema infectiosum

A Virus

Infective source- droplet contact, direct contact

Diagnosis- Diagnosed clinically

Treatment- none

Prevention- none

Erythema infectiosum

signs and symptoms- A sudden bright red rash across the cheeks that looks as if the child has been slapped. May also be called slap cheek syndrome

Erythema infectiosum

Also known as the fifth disease

Histoplasma Capsulatum

A Fungi

infective source- vehicle inhalation of fungal spores in contaminated soil

Diagnosis- rapid antigen tests; microscopy

Treatment- Itraconazole

Prevention- Avoid soil contaminated with bird and bat droppings

Histoplasma Capsulatum

signs and symptoms- Most people will have no symptoms. A person with a weak immune system may experience fever,; headache, dry cough/ blood, chills, muscle aches, chest discomfort, joint pain

Taxoplasma gondii

A Parasite

infective source- vehicle (meat) or fecal- oral

Diagnosis- serological detection of IgM, culture, histology

treatment- Pyrimethamine or Leucovorin and sulfadiazine

Prevention- Personal hygiene, food hygiene

Taxoplasma gondii

Signs and symptoms- Mild symptoms such as sore throat, lymph node enlargement, low-grade fever. Extensive brain lesions and fatal disruptions of heart and lungs. Pregnant women may also be infected.

Mycoplasma Pneumophila

• A Bacteria

• gram + shape adhesions

• Diagnosis- Rule out other etiologic agents; serology; PCR

• infective source- Droplet contact

• Treatment- Erythromycin

• Prevention- No vaccine, no permant immunity

Mycoplasma Pneumophila

Signs and symptoms- Dry cough, fatigue, headache, fever, sore throat. Other symptoms may include bronchitis, mild shortness of breath, and infections of the middle ear.