Media and Information Literacy Review

Flashcards covering definitions, core concepts, fake news types, and legal/ethical issues in Media and Information Literacy.

What is the definition of Media?

The physical object used to communicate with, or the mass communication through physical objects such as radio, television, computers, films, etc.

What is Literacy?

The ability to identify, understand, interpret, create, communicate, and compute using printed and written materials associated with varying contexts.

How is Media Literacy defined?

The ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create media in a variety of forms.

What is Information Literacy?

The ability to recognize when information is needed and to locate, evaluate, and effectively communicate information in various formats.

What is Technology Literacy?

The ability to responsibly and effectively use technology tools to access, manage, integrate, evaluate, create, and communicate information.

What are Media and Information Literacy (MIL) essential skills?

The essential skills and competencies that allow individuals to engage effectively with media and information providers while developing critical thinking and lifelong learning skills.

According to the Five Core Concepts, what is meant by 'All media messages are constructed'?

It prompts the question: Who created this message?

What is the third core concept of Media and Information Literacy?

Different people experience the same media message differently.

According to the fifth core concept, why are most media messages organized?

To gain profit and/or power.

What is Satire or Parody in the context of fake news?

Content that uses humor, irony, or exaggeration to entertain or criticize; it is not intended to deceive but may be mistaken as factual.

What is Misleading Content?

The use of real information presented in a distorted or deceptive way to influence opinions.

What characterizes Imposter Content?

False information that imitates a legitimate source to appear credible, such as using a well-known news outlet's logo.

What is False Connection?

When the headline, image, or caption does not accurately match the content of the article, often seen in clickbait.

Define False Context.

Genuine information shared in the wrong context, making it misleading, such as using an old disaster photo for a recent event.

What is Manipulated Content?

Authentic content that has been edited or altered to deceive, such as deepfake videos.

What is Fabricated Content?

Completely false information created to deceive with no factual basis, often for spreading propaganda.

What does Intellectual Property (IP) refer to?

Creations of the mind, including inventions, literary and artistic works, designs, symbols, names, and images used in commerce.

What is the primary legal basis for intellectual property in the Philippines?

Republic Act No. $8293$ (Intellectual Property Code).

What are the two primary branches of intellectual property?

$1$. Industrial Property and $2$. Copyright.

What is Copyright?

A legal mechanism granting the creator of a literary, artistic, musical, or other creative work the exclusive right to publish and sell that work.

What is the legal term for the violation of a copyright?

Infringement.

How long does copyright protection generally last?

The life of the author plus $70$ years after their death.

Under what circumstances do works enter the Public Domain?

When copyright has expired, the work is purely factual, it was published before a designated date, or the creator explicitly assigned it to the public domain.

What is Fair Use?

A legal principle allowing the use of copyrighted material without a license for purposes like commentary, criticism, reporting, research, or teaching.

What are the four conditions to determine if a use qualifies as 'fair'?

$1$. Amount and Substantiality, $2$. Purpose and Character, $3$. Nature of the Work, and $4$. Market Effect.

What is Creative Commons?

An American nonprofit organization that providing several standardized copyright licenses for legal sharing and building upon creative works.

What is Plagiarism?

An unethical act involving the use or close imitation of another author's language and thoughts without proper authorization or credit.

Under which Philippine law is Data Privacy protected?

Republic Act No. $10173$, also known as the Data Privacy Act of $2012$.

What is Netiquette?

The practice of exercising polite, respectful, and considerate behavior within online environments.

What does the Digital Divide refer to?

The gap between specific demographics or regions that possess access to modern ICT and those that have restricted or no access.

What are the three specific factors of the Digital Divide?

$1$. Economic Divide, $2$. Social Divide, and $3$. Universal Access Divide.

What are common examples of Cyberbullying?

Harassment (insulting messages), Defamation (spreading rumors), and Visual/Profile Misconduct (sharing undignified photos or fake profiles).

What is Computer Addiction?

The excessive use of computers to a degree that it interferes with an individual's standard of living, including daily functioning and mental health.