Language development DVML

Communication

The transmission of information between the source and a receiver using a signalling system eg smiling

Language

The comprehension and use of words/sentences to convert ideas an information. Can be written, spoken, or signed

Language in the broad sense

Speech perception

Vision

Facial control

Memory

Theory of mind

Language in the narrow sense

Speech and verbal production

Hierarchal syntax

Syntax

Pragmatics

Mitteilungsbedurnis

Components of language (structural)

Phonology - interpretation of speech sounds in a particular language

Syntax - the structure of sentences

Semantics - concerned with meaning

Pragmatics - appropriate and effective communication

Phonology

The interpretation of speech sounds in a particular language

Building blocks of speech

Phoneme

The smallest unit that when changed, changed the meaning of a word

Phonetics

The production and perception of speech sounds in any language, concerned with the acoustics and articulation of those sounds

Phone

Speech sound

Semantics

Concerned with meaning. Includes words (lexical knowledge) and word

Word = an arbitrary signal that refers to a particular concept. Contains form and meaning - words occupy the meeting point between these levels

Probably the primary object of speech perception

Syntax

Stricture of sentences

Function words: and, the, in, of, from

Three key aspects of pragmatics

1. using language for different purposes

2.changing language according to the needs or a listener or situation

3.following rules for conversations and story telling

Morphology

Structure of a given languages morphemes

Morpheme

Smallest unit of linguistic meaning or function

Barrett’s multi-route model

Referential words: used in variety of contexts. Eg more. Mapped on to mental representation of objects or actions

Context bound words: only specific context eg duck

Gleitmans syntactic boot-strapping hypothesis

Sensitive to syntactic and semantic correspondence from early age

Extract meanings of new words from syntactic clues

Test this by: Observational studies of spontaneous speech. Look for patterns or structures

Semantic development

receptive knowledge - comprehension

• 6+ months

• 4+ years understands jokes, riddles

Expressive knowledge- production

• 10-12m first word

• 18-22 vocab spurt

• 2-6 vocab increases

Syntactical development

18-24m: word to word combinations

24+: longer sentences and increasing grammar

4 years: increasing complex grammar. Plural and past tense

Attention listening and understanding

4-5y: understands 2 to 3 part spoken instructions

5-7: is aware when a message is unclear and asks for explanation

7-9: identifies clearly when they haven’t understand

9-11: follows longer instructions that are not familiar

Vocabulary

4-5: knows words can be put into groups and can give common examples

5-7: compares words, the way they look, sound or mean

7-9: uses wide range of verbs to express their thoughts

9-11: uses sophisticated words but meaning might not always be accurate

Grammar

4-5: uses well-formed sentences

5-7: uses different ways to join phrases to help explain or justify an event

7-9: uses regular and unusual word endings

9-11: uses long and complex sentence structure

Storytelling and narratives

4-5: describes events but not always joined together or in the right order

5-7: tells stories that set the scene, have a basic plot and sequence of events

7-9: stories have a good structure with a distinct plot

9-11: tells elaborate entertaining stories which are full of detailed descriptions

Conversation and social interaction

4-5: uses language to ask, negotiate, and say feelings

5-7: takes turns to talk, listen and respond in 2 way conversation

7-9: uses formal language when appropriate in some familiar situations

9-11: uses different language depending where they are and who they’re with

Examples of Atypical Language

Autism

Dyslexia

Mutism

ADHD

Impacts of language disorders

Educational attainment

Social relationships

Emotional wellbeing and mental health