A & P II - Lab Practical II - Labs 10 & 11

Pancreas

Liver

Colon

Jejunum

Stomach

Esophagus/Stomach Junction

4 Layers of tissue

1. Mucosa

2. Submucosa

3. Muscularis Externa

4. Serosa (Adventitia in Esophagus)

Mucosa

Made of stratified squamous → simple columnar, lamina propria and muscularis mucosae

The lamina propria will always be

Areolar CT

Submucosa

Composed of Areolar CT, highly vascularized

Muscularis Externa

Circular (Inner)

Longitudinal (Outer)

Smooth muscle but starts out as skeletal, responsible for segmentation and peristalsis

Serosa

Composed of Simple Squamous Epithelium, Areolar CT

Myenteric Nervous System is housed in

Muscularis externa

Submucosa is responsible for

secretions

Stomach Structures

Gastric Pits, Gastric Glands

Small Intestine Unique Structures

Villi

LI Unique Structures

Intestinal. Crypts

Liver UNique Structures

Lobule, Septum, Central Vein

Pancreas Unique Structures

Acini Cells & Pancreatic Islets

Labia

Lips

Buccae

Cheeks (Only seen externally)

Hard Palate

Front and top of tongue

Soft Palate

further posterior to hard palate

Uvula

Hangs off the soft palate

Tongue

Large skeletal muscle in the oral cavity

Incisors

Most medial tooth (2)

Canine

sharp, oval (1)

Bicuspids

Odd looking teeth, will be 2 of them

Molars

In back of mouth, used for digestion of food

Gingivae

Gums, surround the teeth

Parotid Gland

Large gland anterior to the ear

Submandibular Gland

Below the mandible

Sublingual Gland

Under the tongue

Oropharynx

Region that accepts the food after it is ingested

Nasopharynx

Region that connects to the esophagus and pharynx

Esophagus

Large organ that transports food to the stomach

Stomach

Houses food and acids, located in ULQ

Cardia

Region that accepts food from the esophagus

Cardiac Sphincter

Muscle on end of the cardia that controls when food enters the stomach

Body

Largest part of stomach

Fundus

Storage region of the stomach, at the back of the stomach

Pylorus

Exiting region of the stomach

Pyloric Sphincter

Controls when food goes into the duodenum

Greater Curvature

On the bigger side of the stomach

Lesser Curvature

On the smaller side of the stomach

Rugae

Depressions within the stomach

Duodenum

Region of the Si that comes off stomach, 8 inches

Duodenal Papilla

Opening that allows food to enter into the SI

Hepatopancreatic Sphincter

Physical muscle that controls controls how food enters the duodenum from the pancreas and liver

Jejunum

8 feet

Ileum

12ft

All together, the SI are

21 feet long

Right Lobe

R anterior of liver

Left Lobe 

L anterior of liver

Falciform Ligament

Runs down the middle in front

Claudate Lobe

Higher up connecting on all 4 sides

Quadrate lobe

Next to IVC inferior

Hepatic Portal Vein

Coming off with holes

Hepatic Artery Proper

Runs parallel to Hepatic Vein

Hepatic Vein

Runs parallel to Hepatic artery proper

Bile duct

Runs parallel to arteries and veins

Interlobular Vein

Connects to the Hepatic Veins

Sinusoids

Indentations in the liver veins

Hepatic Arteriole

Connect to HAP

Hepatocytes

Individual Liver Cells

Bile Canaliculi

Green maze of materials that form within hepatocytes

Liver Lobules

Contains hepatocytes and branches of vessels

Head of Pancreas

Biggest portion, most circular

Tail of pancreas

Long region that tails off

Main pancreatic duct

Runs entire length of pancreas

Accessory Pancreatic Duct

Runs and forms in with the main pancreatic duct

Spleen

Connected to the Pancreas

Greater Omentum

Drapes over most abdominal organs and over the intestines

Cecum

First part of LI that comes off Ileum

Appendix

Hangs off of cecum, MALT tissue LRQ

Ileocecal Valve

Allows fluid to be passed through into the LI

Ascending Colon

Coming off of cecum

Transverse Colon

Runs transversely across the top

Descending Colon

Runs downward

Sigmoid Colon

S-shaped

Rectum

Final part of colon

Anus

Muscle that is in the rectum

Teniae Coli

Smooth muscle that runs in betweeen haustra of LI

Haustra

Pouch like structures on LI

Hard Palate of FP

Top of mouthS

Soft Palate of FP

Further behind

Tongue

Comes off of back of mouth and comes outwards

Teeth

Come off of labia

Esophagus

Runs parallel to trachea

Liver

Large organ in abdominal cavity

SI in FP

Jumbled up

Stomach

Hiding behind liver

Spleen

To the left of the stomach

Gallbladder

Under the liver

Pancreas

Under the stomach

Large intestine

Coiled up ball smaller than SI

Mesentery

On inside of the SI

Histology of Parietal Layer of Glomerular Capsule

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Glomerular Capsular Space

Space surrounding the glomerulus

Proximal Convulutud Tubules

Fuzzy lumen