Kidney HBS Test

How many liters of blood passes through the kidney each day?

180 Liters

How does the blood enter the kidney’s?

Through arteries that branch until they form tiny vessels that entwine with nephrons. (renal artery)

How many liters of blood passes through the kidney each day?

180 Liters

How does the blood enter the kidney’s?

Through arteries that branch until they form tiny vessels that entwine with nephrons. (renal artery)

What parts of the nephrons filter the blood?

The glomerulus, tubule, and bowman’s capsule

What vitamin do the kindey’s activate?

Vitamin D

Why is the structure of the cells of the transitional epithelium perfect for its function?

They can change shape and allow expansion for when the bladder is filled with urine or not.

what happens when the renal arteries are abnormally narrow?

the kidney’s can’t filter waste as well because of reduced blood flow, which can affect other body systems because of inefficient blood flow, and can lead to kidney failure, high bp, etc.

What other body systems help maintain water balance in the body?

Cardiovascular system because it keeps blood flow regular for fluid distribution. The digestive system helps to get waste out and the lymphatic system by collecting excess fluid and returning them to the blood stream.

About how many nephrons are in each kindey?

1 million

What does each nephron do?

Filters blood, reabsorbs water, nutrients, and ions, and eliminates waste.

In what parts of the nephron does reabsorption happen?

everywhere except the glomerulus and bowman’s capsule (Proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting duct).

Which parts of the nephron does secretion take place? What are examples of secreted substances?

throughout length of nephron to remove any unneeded materials from bloodstream and body. Some secreted substances are potassium, hydrogen, and ammonium.

Why is the medulla salty?

Because it releases sodium then needs to release H2O to balance it out (osmosis)

What hormone does the brain (pituitary gland) release when dehydrated?

ADH because it makes the Distal convoluted tubule and collected duct permeable to water, allowing it to diffuse into the bloodstream instead of being peed out.

How does the structure of the nephron relate to kidney function?

The kidney needs lots of room for filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. It can carry lots of urine, and essential vitamins, minerals, and proteins we need. If it didn’t have a large surface area, then it would be very inefficient.

How do the circulatory system and kidneys work together?

They work together to form urine because the blood goes to the kidney’s via the renal artery that go to the glomerulus which are in nephrons. It then goes to the bowman’s capsule where it starts filtering the blood. It then travels throughout the nephrons where reabsorption of essential minerals and nutrients take place, and the elimination of waste takes place.

Why does pee sometimes appear light vs. dark?

When hydrated, ADH is not produced and there is a high concentration of H2O which dilutes the color of the pee. When dehydrated, ADH is produced and it diffuses into the blood stream, making a low concentration of H2O to waste, darkening the color.

Where are the kidney’s located?

Near the lower back

What is CKD (Chronic Kidney Disease)?

A long term condition where the kidney’s don’t work to filter the blood, reabsorb nutrients, eliminate waste, etc, as well as they should.

Why are drugs that cause vasodilation bad?

They cause increased blood flow to the kidney’s meaning there is not enough filtration happening and there’s too much waste in the body.

How can you lower chances of CKD?

Exercise often, maintain a healthy diet, and bp, and get blood tests done often.

Whats PKD (polycystic kidney disease)?

a genetic disorder that causes clusters of cysts in the kidney, causing the kidney to enlarge and lose function over time.

How would a dysfunction in the body affect the nephrons of the kidney?

It can prohibit the nephron from working properly which would mean inefficient waste elimination, fluid balance, nutrient absorption, etc. This can lead to CKD because of too much waste build-up and obstruct the urinary tract.