DNA, RNA, & Protein Synthesis

DNA is made of nucleotides each with…

A 5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

What are three key differences between DNA and RNA?

Sugar: Deoxyribose (DNA) vs. Ribose (RNA) Base: Thymine (DNA) vs. Uracil (RNA) Strands: Double-stranded (DNA) vs. Single-stranded (RNA)

DNA is…

Double stranded

Sugar in DNA…

Deoxyribose

The backbone of DNA is made of…

Phosphate groups and sugar

The rungs of DNA ladder are made of:

Nitrogenous bases

Order of the 3 parts of this nucleotide:

A: Phosphate group B: 5 carbon sugar C: Nitrogenous base

In between 2 nucleotides there is a…

Hydrogen bond since they are weak in order to separate and replicate DNA

There are 4 nitrogenous bases…

(A) adenine, (T) thymine, (C) cytosine, (G) guanine.

What are Purines?

Purines are two-ring nitrogenous bases, including adenine and guanine.

Pyrimidines

Are single-ring nitrogenous bases, including cytosine and thymine

(A) pairs with…

T

(G) pairs with…

C

If one strand is: C G A A T G

the other strand is: G C T T A C

Double Helix was discovered by…

Crick and Watson

X-ray picture from…

Rosalind Franklin

RNA structure:

1. Sugar: Ribose

2. Phosphate

3. Nitrogen base (A, U, C, G)

RNA is…

single stranded

RNA Bases include..,

(A) adenine, (U) uracil, (C) cytosine, (G) guanine

Protein making code:

DNA - RNA - Protein

First step in protein synthesis:

transcription - RNA copies DNA

Second step in protein synthesis:

translation - RNA builds proteins.

DNA replicates by:

Semi-conservative replication (one old strand, one new strand)