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Test for Starch
Add 2 cm³ of sample to be tested into a clean test tube
Add 2 cm³ of Iodine solution
Positive Result: Orange to Blue-Black
Negative Result: Colour remains Orange
The test is qualitative, not quantitative.
Test for Reducing Sugar
Add 2cm³ of sample to be tested into a clean test tube
Add 2cm³ of Benedict’s Solution and heat sample in a water bath
Positive Result: Blue to Brick-Red
Test for Non-Reducing Sugar
Add 2cm³ of sample to be tested into a clean test tube
Add 2cm³ of Benedict’s Solution and heat sample in a water bath
Negative Result: Colour remains Blue
Heat the sample with Dilute HCl for hydrolysis
Neutralise with NaOH
Repeat Benedicts Test whilst heating solution in a water bath
Positive Result: Blue to Brick-Red
Test for Lipids
Add 2cm³ of sample to be tested into a clean test tube
Add 2cm³ of Ethanol to sample and shake
Add 2 cm³ of water to sample and shake
Positive Result: Clear to Milky-White emulsion
Test for Protein
Add 2cm³ of sample to be tested into a clean test tube
Add an equal volume of NaOH and CuSO4 at room temp
OR add Biuret Reagent to sample and mix gently
Negative result: Colour remains Blue
Positive result: Blue to Purple/lilac
Filter and dry the precipitate
Find the mass/ weight
A = Glucose and B = Maltose;
Because more sugar/ precipitate after hydrolysis/ maltase action
Quantitive OR (colour change is) subjective
Standardises the method