fractures

Simple (closed) fracture

Fracture in which the bone does not break through the skin

Fracture in which a portion of the bone protrudes through the skin

Compound(open) fracture

fracture does not transverse through the entire bone (the bone is not broken into two pieces)

Incomplete (partial) fracture

Buckle of the cortex is characterized by localized expansion or torus of the cortex.

Torus fx (buckle fx)

Fracture is on one side only. The cortex on one side of the bone is broken and the other side is bent.

Green stick fx (Hickory or Willow stick fx)

Break is complete and includes the cross-section of bone

Complete fracture

Fracture is transverse at a near right angle to the long excess of the bone

Transverse fx

The fracture passes through bone at an oblique angle

Oblique fx

The bone has been twisted apart and the fractured spirals around the long access

Spiral fx

The bone is splintered or crushed at the site of impact resulting in two or more fragments

Comminuted fracture

Type of double fracture in which two fracture lines isolate a distinct segment of (the bone is broken into three places with the middle fragment fractured at both ends

Segmental fx

A comminuted fracture with two fragments on each side of a main wedge- shaped separate fragment

Butterfly fx

Fracture in which the bone is splintered into thin sharp fragments

Splintered fx

In this fractured, one fragment is firmly driven into the other, such as the shaft of the bone being driven into the head or end segment

Impacted fracture

Intro articular fracture of the distal radius, often associated with dislocation or subluxation of the radiocarpal joint

Barton fracture

This fracture of the distal phalanx is caused by a ball, striking the end of an extended finger

Baseball (mallet) fracture

This longitudinal fracture, which occurs at the base of the first metacarpal with the fracture line entering the carpometacarpal joint generally includes a posterior dislocation or subluxation

Bennett fracture

This fracture of the wrist in which the distal radius is fractured with the distal fragment, displaced posteriorly. May result from a forward fall on an outstretched arm.

Colles fracture

This is a fracture of the wrist with the distal fragment of the radius, displaced anteriorly.

Smith (reverse colles fracture)

Fracture occurs through the pedicles of the axis (C2) with or without displacement of C2 or C3

Hangman fracture

Intra-articular fracture of the radial styloid process

Hutchinson fracture (chauffeur)

This fracture of the proximal half of the ulna along with the dislocation of the Radiohead, may result from defending against blows with the raised arm

Monteggia fracture

This term is used to describe a complete fracture of the distal fibula with major injury to the ankle joint, including ligament damage and frequent fracture of the distal, tibia or medial malleolus

Pott fracture

This fracture results from severe stress to a tendon or ligament in a joint region

Avulsion fracture

Direct blow to the orbit and/or maxilla and zygoma, create fractures to the orbital floor and lateral orbital margin

Blowout and/or tripod fracture

This fracture involves an isolated bone fragment

Chip fracture

The vertebral fracture is caused by compression type injury the vertebral body collapses, or is compressed

Compression fracture

Fracture of the skull, a fragment is depressed. The appearance is similar to a ping-pong ball that has been pressed in by the finger.

Depressed fracture (ping pong)

Fractured through the epiphyseal plate, the point of union of the epiphysis and shaft of a bone

Epiphyseal fracture

These fractures are due to disease processes within the bone

Pathologic fracture

The fracture lines radiate from a central point of injury with a starlight pattern

Stellate fracture

This type of fracture is non-traumatic and origin it results from repeated stress on a bone such as from marching or running

Stress or fatigue fracture (March fracture)

This fracture of the ankle joint involves medial and lateral malleoli, as well as the posterior lip of the distal tibia

Trimalleolar fracture

This communed fracture of the distal phalanx may be caused by a crushing blow to the distal, finger or thumb

Tuft or burst fracture

Fracture fragments are realigned by manipulation and immobilized by a cast or splint

Closed reduction

Severe fractures with significant displacement or fragmentation, a surgical procedure is required

Open reduction

Displacement of a bone that is no longer in contact with its normal articulation

Dislocation

Dislocations should be imaged in how many planes

Two planes 90° to each other

A partial dislocation is called

Subluxation

is a forced wrenching or twisting of a joint, resulting in a partial rupture or tearing of supporting ligaments without dislocation

Sprain

This is a bruised type of injury with a possible avulsion fracture

Contusion

Defined as a disruption of bone caused by mechanical forces applied either directly to the bone or transmitted along the shaft of the bone

Fracture

Anatomic alignment of ends of fractured bone fragments, where in the (end of the fragments make end to end contact)

Anatomic apposition

The ends of fragments are aligned, but pulled apart and are (not making contact with each other)

Lack of apposition (distraction)

The fracture, fragments overlap, and the chefs make contact, but not at the fracture ends

Bayonet apposition

Describes the direction or ankle of the Apex of the fracture, such as a medial or lateral apex where in the point or Apex of the fracture points immediately or laterally

Apex angulation

The distal fragment ends are angled toward the midline of the body, and the apex is pointed away from the midline

Varus deformity

The distal fragment ends are angled away from the midline in the Apex is pointed towards the midline

Vagus deformity