Core exam ( Mock D)

At what whole-body equivalent dose will death occur?

6.0 Sv

The relationship between SID and x-ray beam intensity is expressed in the ____ law.

Inverse square law

Patient doses in radiography are calculated as the:

Entrance skin exposure (ESE)

A 28-year-old radiation worker can have an annual cumulative effective dose of:

280 mSv

What is the SI unit of exposure that measures radiation in air?

Air Kerma (Gy -a)

The "electron cloud" that surrounds the hot cathode is referred to as a:

Space charge

The greatest risk for a pregnant women who receives a high exposure is during the:

First trimester

Some x-ray generators are programmable and the exposure factors from the technique chart can be programmed into the generator. This system is called:

Automatically programmed radiography (APR)

Scatter radiation affects radiographic appearance by causing:

Decreased contrast

Which of the following will aid in relieving strain on the abdomen for a patient suffering from abdominal pain?

1. Elevation of the head

2. Placing a bolster under the knees

3. Placing the patient in prone position

1 and 2 only

The unsharp, "fuzzy" appearance of margins of anatomic structures within the radiographic image is called:

Penumbra

After the imaging plate is scanned in the CR reader and the image sent to storage, the phosphor is exposed to a ____

to erase the anatomical image.

White light

Which of the following are the types of radiation produced in the anode?

Characteristic and Bremsstrahlung

An elderly patient is scheduled for an x-ray examination. After she arrives, she states that she does not want to have any x-rays and that she is going to go home. You should:

First, talk with the patient to clarify any misunderstandings

Which of the following would be a violation of patient confidentiality?

A limited operator talks to his friend during lunch about a patient's imaging procedure.

X-ray equipment capable of producing 70 kVp or more must have how much equivalent aluminum filtration?

2.5 mm Al equivalent

The term tachycardia refers to ____ heart rate.

Abnormally rapid

The contrast in the radiographic image is controlled by the:

kVp

As kVp is increased, Compton interactions will:

Increase

The process of reducing the probability of infectious organisms being transmitted to a susceptible individual is called:

Asepsis

The greatest risk of serious infection transmission to health care workers from patients is:

Hepatitis B

When infection is spread by means of contaminated dust that contains endospores or droplet nuclei, the means of transmission is called:

Airborne contamination

What is the effect of magnification on spatial resolution?

Magnification decreases resolution

Which of the following statements is true? If the kVp increases, the:

Scatter radiation fog increases

The difference in density between any two adjacent portions of the image is called:

Radiographic contrast

What electrical system and device terminates the exposure time after an exact amount of radiation for a given body part has been detected?

Automatic exposure control

A low kVp setting produces an image with:

A short scale of contrast

The ability to distinguish anatomical structures of similar subject contrast is termed:

Contrast resolution

The annual effective dose limit for an occupational radiation worker is:

50 mSv

Quantum mottle occurs when the:

mAs or kVp is set too low

Scatter radiation fog will:

1. increase density.

2. decrease contrast.

3. reduce the visibility of detail.

1, 2, and 3

Which of the following changes decrease the dose to the limited operator?

1. Minimize the time spent in the radiation area.

2. Increase the distance between the operator and the source of radiation.

3. Use shielding- control booth and lead apparel.

1, 2, and 3

Which of the following is a health care worker's single best protection against disease?

Frequent hand hygiene

Which of the following are within the scope of practice for a limited operator?

1. Use of contrast media

2. Basic radiographic examination

3. Explanation of procedure

2 and 3 only

Which of the following are types of technique charts?'

Variable kVp and fixed kVp

Motion of the patient, the tube, or the IR during the exposure results in decreased:

Resolution

The device that is placed between the patient and the IR to reduce scatter radiation is called a:

Grid

Which of the following transformers reduces the voltage on the secondary side to provide an appropriate current to heat the filament?

Step-down transformer

The autotransformer is primarily used for:

Variable kVp selection

What is the weakest link in the digital imaging chain?

Viewing monitor

A good reason for sometimes selecting the highest available mA station to obtain a given amount of mAs is to:

Keep the exposure time as short as possible

With a large OID, the reduction of excessive magnification is accomplished by:

Increasing the SID

Which control on the viewing station can blacken the clear or white areas around the collimation edges of a radiograph?

Shuttering

Technique charts are based on:

Thickness of the body part to be radiographed

Which of the following practices might be characterized as slander?

Telling a co-worker that one of your patients pathology was caused by unsafe sex

At what whole body equivalent dose will blood changes be seen?

0.25 Sv

The process of causing alternating (AC) current to flow in one direction (DC) only is called:

Rectification

How is tuberculosis (TB) transmitted?

Spread by airborne transmission

What is one of the most important things a limited operator can do to control scatter radiation?

Maintain the correct field size

Computed radiography (CR) eliminates the need for:

Darkrooms

Which of the following are the prime factors of exposure in radiography?

Milliamperage, exposure time. kilovoltage. and source-distance recentor distance (SID)

A gonad shield should be used whenever the edge of the radiation field is within ____

cm of the gonads.

5

If the kVp is mereased using the "15% Fule," an 80-kVp exposure would change to which of the following?

92 kVp

The flament of an x-ray tube is made of:

A coil of tungsten wire

What signed What signed document is required for experimentai procedures or those that catry substandal risk?

Informed consent

The lead-equivalent thickness of a gonad shield should be ___ mm.

0.5

If the size of the x-ray field increases, what happens to scatter radiation fog?

It increases

Which antihistamine is most often encountered in the imaging department?

Diphenhydramine

A declared pregnant radiation worker should wear a second personnel monitor. This monitor should be positioned at the:

Waist level

An x-ray exposure is made using the following factors: 400 mA, 0.02 sec, 80 kVp, 40 inches SID, and the large focal spot. What is the mAs for this exposure technique?

8 mAs

The computer soiware Funelien that alowe any type bt "text" to be wHitten on a radiographic image is:

Image annotation

What type of radiation is produced in the anode by the sudden slowing and directional change of an incoming electron?

Bremsstrahlung radiation

Nearly all new x-ray machines manufactured today use ___ generators.

High Frequency (HF)

If the mA doubles, dose to the patient will:

Increase 100%

Which of the following tells the operator that the correct exposure has been received by the phosphors in the imaging plate?

Exposure indicator number

What is the medical term for fainting?

Syncope

What are the four essential elements required for x-ray production?

A target, a vacuum, an electron source, and a high potential difference

Which of the following statements is true?

If the kVp increases, the:

Scatter radiation fog increases

In radiography, patient dose is usually calculated:

At the skin level

Compton scatter occurs when an x-ray photon interacts with which part of the atom in the patient's body?

Outer orbital electron

The unit used to indicate the total quantity of x-rays in an exposure is:

milliampere-seconds (mAs)

What is the principal advantage of a high-speed rotating anode?

More efficient heat dissipation

The anode heel effect is a phenomenon of x-ray production that results in:

Uneven distribution of radiation within the x-ray field

When using indirect conversion DR systems, the light in the flat-panel detector is converted to an electric signal by the:

Photodiode

A smaller effective focal spot produces:

Greater spatial resolution

Which of the following should be used when imaging body parts that have extreme differences in tissue thickness?

Compensating filter

The varying intensity of radiation that exits on the opposite side of the patient and reaches the IR is called ___ radiation.

Remnant

Which of the following are potential fomites in the radiology department?

1. IR

2. X-ray table

3. Positioning sponges

1, 2, and 3

The greatest spatial resolution will be produced when the metrix is ___ and the pixels are ___.

Large; small

A satisfactory radiograph is made using 20 mAs at 40 inches SID. How much mAs is needed to produce a similar radiograph at 60 inches SID?

45 mAs

What is erythema?

Redding of the skin caused by high-radiation dose

The primary controlling factor of contrast is:

Kilovoltage

A series of warm-up exposures is made on a cold x-ray tube to:

Prevent damage to the anode from sudden heating

According to the Law of Bergonie and Tribondeau, which of the following types of cells are very radiosensitive?

Blood and blood-producing

The anode, or target, of the x-ray tube is ___ changed.

Positively

If the radiographic image is overexposed, which of the following changes in exposure factors should be used to correct the problem?

Decrease mAs

The purpose of the photostimulable phosphor plate is to:

Acquire the image before it is sent to the CCD

The radiation weighting factor for x-ray photons is which of the following?

1

You accidentally fall off a step stool while stocking the top shelves with linen. You are able to get up and do not seem to be hurt. What should you do?

File an incident report

A common and observable short-term effect of radiation is:

Erythema

A document that sets forth standards of correct behavior within a profession is called:

Code of ethics

What is the correct exposure time required to produce 50 mAs when using the 200 mA station?

0.25 seconds

A charge-coupled device (CCD) is used in an indirect conversion DR system to:

Convert light into an electrical signal

The penetrating power of the x-ray beam is controlled by varying the:

Kilovoltage (kVp)

The term for the bottom number of a blood pressure measurement is:

Diastolic

How many detectors are most commonly built in to the AEC system and can be activated to determine the exposure technique?

3

The number of gray shades that a digital system can reproduce is termed:

Dynamic range

When a body part appears on a radiograph as shorter than it actually is, the term used is:

Foreshortening

Which control on the viewing station controis the density, or brighiness, in the radiographic image?

Window level

The unit commonly used to report the effective dose to occupational workers in the United States is:

Millisievert (mSv)