Italian and german unification

King Wilhelm l

Became king of Prussia in 1861 and kaiser in 1871 ( Hadsburg family )

Christian lx

Ruler of Denmark

Franz Joseph

Emperor of Austrian Hungary ruled for 68 years ( Hohenzollerns family )

Kleindeutchland

Smaller Germany

Grobdeutshland

Greater Germany

Welpolitik

Stronger and greater Germany

Realpolitic

Politics based on reality not ideality

Otto van bismarck

Premier and president of Germany who unified the German states ( 1864 - 71 )

Danish prussian war (1864 )

Germany got Schleswig ( German State ) from denmark in 1864

Austria Prussian war ( 1866 )

Germany gained Holstein ( German state ) from Austria in 1866

Franco Prussian war ( 1871 )

Germany gained Alsace and Lorraine from France in 1871

Treaty of vienna

Ended the Danish Prussian war in 1864

Treaty of prague

Ended the Austria Prussian war in 1871

Treaty of Frankfurt

Ended the Franco - Prussian war in 1871

The German Empire

Declared in 1871 in the palace of mirrors - Versailles in Paris in 1871

Bismarcks contribution

Creation of both the alliance system and standing armies in Europe

Unification based on this identity

Germans and German speaking people should unite into one country

Risorgimento

Term of the unification movement in Italy

Giuseppe Mazzini

Founder of the Risorgimento movement in Italy - the soul of Unification

Giuseppe Garibaldi

Student of mazzini and dictator of sicily - sword of unification

Camillo De Cavour

Prime minister of sardinia/ victor Emmanuel ll - the brain of unification

Victor Emmanuel ll

Declared as the king of unified Italy in 1861 by Mazzini, Garibaldi and Cavour

Motto of garibaldi

Dio e Popolo ( God and People )

Young Italy

Founded by Mazzini in 1831 - to end Austrian Influence in Italy

Red shirts

Volunteers who followed Patriot Garibaldi in 1861

Carbonari

Revolutionary society that helped in the unification of Italy 1800 - 1831

Powers that ruled Italy before 1861

France, austria and the church ( the pope )

Two Italian kingdoms

Kingdom of Sardinia and kingdom of Sicily

Pope during the unification

Pope Pius lX

Rousseau (french)

Argued that the rights of each us based on the strength of many

Mazzini ( Italian )

Argued that the rights of each is based on the strength of many

Matternich ( Austrian )

Argued for absolutism - seperated politics from ethics

Machiavelli ( Italian )

Argued that the ruler should be feared not loved

Abraham Lincoln

defined democracy as the for the people, by the people for and of the people