MODULE 2 - MB2

B

This organelle is found close to the

endoplasmic reticulum and receives and

acts on proteins and membrane lipids to

further modify them.

A. Endoplasmic reticulum

B. Golgi apparatus

C. Lysosomes

D.Mitochondria

C

These are digestive vesicles containing

enzymes that degrade proteins and

nucleic acids.

A. Endoplasmic reticulum

B. Golgi apparatus

C. Lysosomes

D.Mitochondria

D

Which of the following statements best

characterize the cell membrane?

I. Glycolipids are the major class of

membrane lipids.

II. Membrane potential plays a vital role

in transport, energy conversion, and

excitability.

III.The two faces of biological membranes

are always the same.

IV.Membrane lipids spontaneously form

closed bimolecular sheets in aqueous

media that form barriers to the flow of

polar molecules.

A. I, III

B. I, IV

C. II, III

D. II, IV

B

Cellobiose

A. Monosaccharide

B. Disaccharide

C. Oligosaccharide

D. Polysaccharide

C

D-altrose and D-glucose

A. Anomers

B. Enantiomers

C. Diastereomers

D. Constitutional isomers

A

They hold large quantities of water

and occupy space, thus cushioning or

lubricating other structures.

A. Glycosaminoglycans

B. Glycoproteins

C. Mucoproteins

D. Glycolipids

A

Which of the following GAGs can be found

in the synovial fluid?

A. Hyaluronic acid

B. Chondroitin sulfate

C. Keratan sulfate

D. Heparin

A

Test for pentoses

A. Bial's

B. Barfoed's

C. Molisch's

D. Seliwanoff's

B

Test for monosaccharides

A. Bial's

B. Barfoed's

C. Molisch's

D. Seliwanoff's

A

Which of the following hormones causes a

decrease in blood glucose levels?

A. Insulin

B. Glucagon

C. Epinephrine

D. Growth hormone

C

What is the indication of benzyl sulfonyl

urea drugs?

A. Antihypertensive

B. Antihyperlipidemic

C. Antidiabetic

D. Anti-inflammatory

A

Prostaglandins are also known as

____________.

A. Eicosanoids

B. Narcotics

C. Immunoglobulins

D. Allergens

B

These are essential fatty acids in humans.

A. Oleic acid and Arachidonic acid

B. Alpha-linolenic acid and Linoleic acid

C. Alpha-linoleic acid and Linolenic acid

D. Oleic acid and Alpha-linolenic acid

D

Which of the following are functions of

lipids?

I. Body heat

II. Nutrient storage

III.Protection of organs

A. I, II I

B. I, III

C. II, II

D. I, II, III

A

Aspartate and Glutamate

A. Acidic

B. Basic

C. Aromatic

D. Branched

C

Phenylalanine, Tryptophan, and Tyrosine

A. Acidic

B. Basic

C. Aromatic

D. Branched

A

This is the simplest amino acid.

A. Glycine

B. Glutamine

C. Glutamate

D. Phenylalanine

A

Which of the following amino acids is

involved in heme production?

A. Glycine

B. Glutamine

C. Glutamate

D. Alanine

D

All of the following amino acids undergo

transamination, except:

I. Alanine

II. Lysine

III.Glycine

IV.Proline

A. I, III

B. I, IV

C. II, III

D. II, IV

B

Hemoglobin

A. Structural

B. Transport

C. Storage

D. Protective

D

Fibrinogen

A. Structural

B. Transport

C. Storage

D. Protective

A

Collagen

A. Structural

B. Transport

C. Storage

D. Protective

C

Casein

A. Structural

B. Transport

C. Storage

D. Protective

B

Albumin

A. Structural

B. Transport

C. Storage

D. Protective

C

Cofactor that is tightly bound to the

apoenzyme

A. Zymogen

B. Holoenzyme

C. Prosthetic group

D. Cosubstrate

C

Which of the following is an example of a

prosthetic group bound to an apoenzyme?

A. Ascorbic acid C. Heme

B. Albumin D. NAD

C

Complete the general enzyme reaction

scheme: E + S ⇆ ES → ___

A. E + S C. E + P

B. E - S D. E - P

D

This states that the receptor is always in

the state of equilibrium between active

and inactive states.

A. Occupancy Theory

B. Rate Theory

C. Induced-Fit Theory

D. Activation-Aggregation Theory

B

The Lineweaver-Burke plot below is typical

for a substrate with what type of inhibitor?

*See graph in PDF*

A. Competitive

B. Noncompetitive

C. Uncompetitive

D. NOTA

A

Kinase

A. Transferase C. Lyase

B. Hydrolase D. Ligase

C

Fumarase

A. Transferase C. Lyase

B. Hydrolase D. Ligase

A

Nucleoside monophosphate kinase

A. Transferase C. Lyase

B. Hydrolase D. Ligase

D

Trypsin

A. Attain a very high level of specificity

B. Transfer a phosphoryl group from ATP to

a nucleotide

C. Achieve a high absolute rate of reaction

D. Promote a reaction that is almost

immeasurably slow at neutral pH

A

Restriction endonuclease

A. Attain a very high level of specificity

B. Transfer a phosphoryl group from ATP to

a nucleotide

C. Achieve a high absolute rate of reaction

D. Promote a reaction that is almost

immeasurably slow at neutral pH

B

Nucleoside monophosphate kinase

A. Attain a very high level of specificity

B. Transfer a phosphoryl group from ATP to

a nucleotide

C. Achieve a high absolute rate of reaction

D. Promote a reaction that is almost

immeasurably slow at neutral pH

C

Carbonic anhydrase

A. Attain a very high level of specificity

B. Transfer a phosphoryl group from ATP to

a nucleotide

C. Achieve a high absolute rate of reaction

D. Promote a reaction that is almost

immeasurably slow at neutral pH

D

Which of the following is the cofactor of

carbonic anhydrase?

A. Manganese

B. Magnesium

C. Nickel

D.Zinc

C

Which of the following is the

distinguishing feature between

nucleosides and nucleotides?

A. Nitrogenous base

B. Sugar

C. Phosphate group

D. NOTA

B

A thread-like structure in the nucleus that

carries the genetic material

A. Nucleosome

B. Chromosome

C. Centromere

D. Telomere

D

What is the mechanism involved in

the regulation of DNA replication and

synthesis of mRNA?

A. Concentration

B. Hormonal control

C. Enzyme activation

D. Compartmentalization

A

Where does glycolysis occur?

A. Cytosol

B. Mitochondria

C. Mitochondrial matrix

D. Inner mitochondrial membrane

C

Which of the following is incorrect about

glycolysis?

A. One glucose molecule generates two

molecules of pyruvate and two units of

ATP.

B. The first part of glycolysis works on the

six-carbon molecule, preparing it for

oxidation.

C. The second part of glycolysis splits the

six-carbon molecule into three two-

carbon fragments.

D. The third part operates on one of the

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate molecules,

oxidizing it to yield energy.

C

Which of the following steps in glycolysis

does not consume ATP?

A. Glucose → Glucose-6-Phosphate

B. Fructose-6-Phosphate → Fructose-1,6,-

Bisphosphate

C. Phosphoenolpyruvate → Pyruvate

D. NOTA

A

Which of the following hormones inhibit

glycogenolysis?

I. Insulin

II. Glucagon

III.Epinephrine

A. I only

B. I, II

C. II, III

D. I, II, III

D

Precursors of gluconeogenesis

A. Sucrose, lactic acid, pyruvic acid

B. Glycerol, lactic acid, pyruvic acid

C. Pyruvic acid, lactic acid, acetic acid

D. Glycerol, lactate, pyruvate, glucogenic

amino acids

C

Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of

pyruvate to acetyl CoA?

A. Pyruvate decarboxylase

B. Pyruvate carboxylase

C. Pyruvate dehydrogenase

D. Lactate dehydrogenase

B

Products of Krebs Cycle

A. 3 NADH, 1 FADH2 and 1 ADP

B. 3 NADH, 1 FADH2 and 1 GTP

C. 2 NADH, 2 FADH2 and 2 ADP

D. 3 NADH, 1 FADH2 and 2 GTP

D

This pathological condition results from

the absence of adenosine deaminase,

an enzyme in the purine degradation

pathway.

A. Gout

B. Neural tube defects

C. Lesch-Nyhan syndrome

D. Severe combined immunodeficiency

A

These are vegetable or animal drugs that

consist of natural substances that have

undergone only the processes of collection

and drying.

A. Crude drugs

B. Extractives

C. Derivatives

D.Marc

A

Gibberellins

A. Stem elongation

B. Retard senescence

C. Fruit ripening

D. Initiation of dormancy

C

This sugar is used as a diagnostic aid for

malabsorption.

A. Sucrose

B. Fructose

C. Xylose

D. Lactose

A

Commercial source of dextrose

A. Acer saccharum

B. Gossypium hirsutum

C. Sorbus aucuparia

D. Fraxinus ornus

B

Which of the following correctly describes

starch?

A. Starch is heteroglycan.

B. Starch is composed of only glucose

units.

C. Starch is composed of only fructose

units.

D. Starch is used to test for kidney function.

A

Which of the following correctly

differentiates amylose and amylopectin?

A. Amylose is linear, while Amylopectin is

branched.

B. Amylose gives a purple color upon

reaction with iodine, while Amylopectin

forms a deep blue complex.

C. Amylose is composed of ɑ-1,6 and

ɑ-1,4 linkages, while Amylopectin is

composed of only ɑ-1,4 linkages.

D. AOTA

B

Which of the following is a microbial gum?

A. Acacia

B. Xanthan

C. Pectin

D. Psyllium

D

What is the MOA of Plantago seed as a

laxative?

A. Stimulation of the colon

B. Osmotic effect

C. Increases water content and volume of

the stool

D. Swelling of the mucilaginous seed coat,

giving bulk and lubrication

D

Which of the following pertains to the non-

sugar component of glycosides?

A. Glycone C.Genin

B. Aglycone D. Both B & C

D

An ingredient found in slimming drinks

that causes diarrhea

A. Uva ursi

B. Betula lenta

C. Panax ginseng

D. Cassia acutifolia

A

Which of the following best describes

vanillin?

A. It has an aldehydic aglycone.

B. It has an aldehydic glycone.

C. It is the cured, full-grown unripe fruit of

Vanilla cordifolia.

D.Vanillin is 3-hydroxy-4-

methoxybenzaldehyde

C

A glycosidic vitamin that claims to have

anticancer properties

A. Ascorbic acid

B. Thiamine

C. Laetrile

D. Phytomenadione

B

What is the toxic substance found in

apricot pits?

A. Coumarin

B. Amygdalin

C. Sinigrin

D. Sinalbin

A

What are the products of glycyrrhizin

hydrolysis?

A. Glycyrrhetic acid and glucuronic acid

B. Glycyrrhizic acid and glucuronic acid

C. Glycyrrhetic acid and glucose

D. Glycyrrhizic acid and glucose

A

How does glycyrrhizin lose its sweet taste?

A. Upon hydrolysis to glycyrrhetic acid and

glucuronic acid

B. Upon hydrolysis to glycyrrhizic acid and

glucuronic acid

C. Upon reduction to glycyrrhetic acid and

glucuronic acid

D.Upon oxidation to glycyrrhetic acid and

glucuronic acid

C

Hydrolyzable tannins

A. Also known as condensed tannins

B. Yield phlobaphenes upon hydrolysis

C. Yield phenolic acids and sugar upon

hydrolysis

D. Produce "tanner's red" type of leather

D

Identify the specialized secretory

structures found in Pinus palustris and

Citrus limon.

A. Glandular hairs

B. Modified parenchymal cells

C. Vittae

D. Lysigenous or schizogenous passages

A

Which of the following oils can be

obtained from the extraction and

distillation of wood?

A. Pine oil

B. Wormwood oil

C. Lemon oil

D. Rose oil

B

Composed of 3 isoprene units

A. Monoterpenes

B. Sesquiterpenes

C. Diterpenes

D. Triterpenes

A

Lavender oil and Oil of Wintergreen

A. Esters

B. Oxides

C. Phenols

D. Phenolic ethers

C

These are esters of fatty acids and alcohols

A. Soaps

B. Waxes

C. Lipids

D.Fats

A

Salts of fatty acids

A. Soaps

B. Waxes

C. Lipids

D.Fats

A

These are amorphous products with a

complex chemical nature that are believed

to be oxidation products of terpenes.

A. Resins

B. Resenes

C. Oleoresins

D. Balsams

B

This alkaloidal test reagent makes use of

potassium mercuric iodide.

A. Wagner's

B. Mayer's

C. Dragendorff's

D. Hager's

A

Which of the following statements are true

about the biosynthesis of hyoscyamine?

I. Feeding studies with labeled ornithine

have shown that this is incorporated

stereospecifically to form the pyrrolidine

ring of tropane.

II. Tyrosine is the precursor of tropic acid.

III.Esterification of tropic acid with tropine

produces hyoscyamine.

IV.Hyoscyamine is dextrorotatory.

A. I, III

B. II, III

C. I, II, III

D. II, III, IV

D

Choose the odd one out.

A. Scopolamine

B. Atropine

C. Cocaine

D. Nicotine

B

Choose the odd one out.

A. Emetine

B. Ergotamine

C. Morphine

D. Tubocurarine

A

The most important opium alkaloid

A. Morphine

B. Codeine

C. Apomorphine

D. Heroin

B

What is the source of Thebaine?

A. Papaver somniferum

B. Papaver bracteatum

C. Strychnos castelnaei

D. Cephaelis ipecacuanha

A

Cocaine is chemically the _________.

A. Methyl ester of benzoylecgonine

B. Dimethyl ester of ecgonine

C. Ethyl ester of ecgonine

D. Dimethyl ester of benzylecgonine

B

Arrange the following steps by which

Claviceps purpurea infects the plants:

I. Some of the hyphal strands produce

asexual spores, known as conidiospores,

which become suspended in a viscous,

sugary liquid, known as honeydew.

II. Insects are attracted to this honeydew

and carry it and the spores to other host

plants, where the process is repeated.

III.Spores come in contact with the ovary

of a grass, frequently rye, where it

germinates, forming hyphal strands that

penetrate into the host tissue.

IV.The hyphae eventually form a mass

of tissue known as a mycelium, which

supplants the ovary.

V. Honeydew is secreted by the mycelium.

A. III-IV-I-II-V

B. III-IV-I-V-II

C. III-V-I-II-IV

D. IV-V-I-II-III

C

Which of the following is the least stable

vitamin?

A. Vitamin A

B. Vitamin B

C. Vitamin C

D.Vitamin D

B

What substance can be found in the

plasma of patients who recovered from

COVID-19?

A. Antigens C. Both A & B

B. Antibodies D.Neither A nor B

C

What is the herbal medicine traditionally

used to treat dengue?

A. Ehretia microphylla

B. Vitex negundo

C. Grammatophyllum scriptum

D. Abelmoschus esculentus

B

An herbal medicine for cough and cold

A. Ehretia microphylla

B. Vitex negundo

C. Grammatophyllum scriptum

D. Abelmoschus esculentus

B

Which of the following is used as an

antidiabetic agent?

A. Evening primrose

B. Banaba

C. Comfrey

D. Licorice

C

The consumption of this traditional herbal

medicine would result in an additive effect

when taken with OHAs.

A. Psidium guajava

B. Allium sativum

C. Momordica charantia

D. Blumea balsamifera

B

Cinchona belongs to which of the

following families?

A. Solanaceae C. Papaveraceae

B. Rubiaceae D. Apocynaceae

B

Quinine belongs to which of the following

families?

A. Solanaceae C. Papaveraceae

B. Rubiaceae D. Apocynaceae

A

Which of the following refers to hemp?

A. Marijuana

B. Cotton

C. Flax

D. Algin

C

What is the MOA of Vinblastine as an

antineoplastic agent

A. Inhibits topoisomerase I

B. Inhibits topoisomerase II

C. Inhibits the assembly of tubulin

D. Inhibits the disassembly of microtubules

D

What is the MOA of Paclitaxel as an

antineoplastic agent?

A. Inhibits topoisomerase I

B. Inhibits topoisomerase II

C. Inhibits the assembly of tubulin

D. Inhibits the disassembly of microtubules

B

Which of the following best characterize

taxanes?

A. They are antimalarial drugs.

B. They were originally identified from

plants of the genus Taxus.

C. They bind to the microtubules and

enhance their depolymerization.

D. Paclitaxel, docetaxel, sinigrin, prunasin,

cabazitaxel are examples of taxanes.

B

Arrange the following steps in curing

vanilla.

I. Upon developing the correct moisture

level and aroma, the pods are laid in the

open air, alternating between sun and

shade, driving out moisture without

overly drying the pods.

II. The soaked pods are wrapped in woolen

blankets in the day and packed in wool-

covered boxes at night until the pods

lose 70-80% of their original weight.

III.The ripe vanilla pods are dipped into

warm water for about 3 minutes.

IV.The pods are then graded and tied into

bundles stored and sealed in closed

boxes (e.g., tin containers) for shipment.

V. The fruits are collected as they ripen

to a yellow color, 6 to 10 months after

pollination.

A. I-II-III-IV-V

B. V-III-II-I-IV

C. V-III-I-II-IV

D. II-III-V-IV-I

C

The process of synthesis of glucose and

other carbohydrate molecules from simple

precursors

A. Glycogenesis

B. Gluconeogenesis

C. Photosynthesis

D. Lipolysis

A

Glycolysis: EMP pathway; Photosynthesis:

__________

A. Calvin cycle

B. Tricarboxylic acid cycle

C. HMP shunt

D. Krebs cycle

C

Which of the following are products of the

light reaction?

A. ADP and NADH

B. ATP and Glucose

C. ATP and NADPH

D. ADP and NADPH

D

Site of the Calvin cycle

A. Cytosol

B. Mitochondria

C. Nucleus

D. Chloroplast

A

An important branching point

intermediate in the shikimic acid pathway

A. Chorismic acid

B. Prephenic acid

C. Shikimic acid

D. Anthranilic acid

D

Determine the immediate precursor of

phenylalanine

A. Anthranilic Acid

B. Chorismic Acid

C. Para-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid

D. Phenylpyruvic acid

C

Which of the following are synthesized via

the Mevalonate pathway?

I. Terpineol IV. Squalene

II. Camphor V. Methylsalicylate

III.Hyoscyamine

A. I, III

B. II, III

C. I, II, IV

D. II, IV, V

D

Which of the following are synthesized via

the Shikimic acid pathway?

I. Ergosterol IV. Prunasin

II. Sitosterol V. Vanillin

III.Morphine

A. I, II

B. II, III

C. .I, III, V

D. III, IV, V