Memory + Forgetting

memory illusion

false but convincing memory

sensory memory

memory that holds has a bigger capacity but shorter duration

short term memory

our memory that has a limited duration + capacity. (can hold 7 ± 2 pieces of info; phone numbers)

long term memory

brief storage of perceptual memories but memories here last longest

working memory

what you’re actively processing

retroactive inhibition

learning new information interferes with previously learned information

proactive inhibition

old information interferes with learning new information

chunking

organizing information into meaningful groups

rehearsal

repeating the information to yourself over and over

maintenance rehearsal

repeating something in it’s original form. (a phone #)

elaborative rehearsal

connecting new knowledge with existing knowledge

levels of processing models

the more deeply we encode info the better we rmr it

primacy effect

tendency to remember words at the start of a list better than words at the end or later in the list

recency effect

tendency to rmr words at the end of a list better than at the start

explicit memories

accesible to concious awareness + can be stated declaratively (stuff yk yk)

semantic memories

knowledge, facts

episodic memories

knowledge of events in our lives

implicit memory

not consciously remember (auto) and doesn’t require effort to rmr

procedural memory

motor skills +habit (riding a bike)

encoding

getting info into memory

storage

keeping info in memory

retrieval

getting info out of storage

recall

pulling info learned before out of storage

recognition

selecting info you previously remembered out of options

mnemonic devices

helps you connect things you know already to things you just learned

tip of the tongue phenomenon

when you know that you know something but you can’t think of what it is when you need it

encoding specificity principle

we’re more likely to rmr something when we encode and retrieve info in similar conditions

context dependent learning

the environment you are in while you are encoding info should be similar to the environment where u retrieve the info for better recall

state dependent learning

your internal state like mood, physical state etc should be similar when encoding and retrieving for better recall

mood dependent learning

mood should be similar when encoding and retrieving for best recall

retrograde amnesia

can’t rmr past memories but can make new memories

anterograde amnesia

can’t form new memories but remembers past things

generalized amnesia (rare)

loss of all memories

korakoff’s syndrome

amnesia cause by alcohol

H.M (Henry)

epileptic (severe), medical part of temporal lobes were removed including hippocampi. had retrograde for 11 years b4 surgery (rmr childhood). amnesia + improved on some tasks

clarapéde

pins in handshake test done on ppl with amnesia

frontotemporal dementia

deterioration of the frontal and temporal lobes

Lewy body dementia

abnormal growth in the brain forming “lewy bodies” and caused severe cognitive problems, dementia + hopelessness

infantine amnesia

can’t remember things that happened before 3-5 y/o

flashbulb memories

very vivid recalled in detail

source monitoring

raring where a memory came from

cryptomnesia

fail recognize that someones idea came from somebody else