Reduction

What peak is present in the beggining of the starting material that will disappear?

C=O

What is the product of reduction of an aldehyde using NaBH4?

Primary alcohol

What is the product of reduction of a ketone using NaBH4?

Secondary alcohol

What peak is is now present?

O-H

What is the frequiency of sp2 C-H?

What is the purpose of adding HCl?

HCl neutralizes excess NaBH4

What is the IR frequency of sp3 C-H?

2850-3,000 cm-1

What is the IR frequency of O-H?

3,300-3,600 cm-1 (broad peak)

What is the IR frequency of C=O?

1650-1725 cm-1

What is the reaction mechanism?

What is the purpose of sodium borohydride (NaBH4)?

• NaBH4 is selective, mild reducing agent. Reduces ONLY aldehydes or ketones

• One mole of sodium borohydride can provide 4 hydride ions (H:-) and therefore can reduce four moles of an aldehyde or a ketone

what are two different combinations of liquids that are immicible and can be used in a liquid-liquid extraction?

1. Ether (Top) and H2O

2. Methylene chloride and H2O (Top)

Name 4 compounds that are insoluble in water

1. Diethyl ether

2. Methylene Chloride (CH2Cl2)

3. Chloroform (CHCl3)

4. Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4)