Exam 1 - Top 5 Causes of mortality in older adults in the US

what are the top 5 causes of mortality in older adults in the us

1. cardiovascular disease

2. cancer

3. stroke

4. chronic lung disease

5. Alzheimer's

why is aging a major risk factor for CVD

increased risk of hypertension, heart failure, and atherosclerosis

what can contribute to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

age-related myocardial fibrosis and decreased left ventricular compliance

what causes arterial stiffening in older adults? what does it increase?

collagen deposits

increased systolic BP = increased cardiac workload = MI

older adults often have decreased ___receptor sensitivity which leads to impaired BP regulation

baroreceptors

lifestyle changes can help both hypertension and ___ due to their close relation with each other

diabetes

what is the best diet for managing CVD

Mediterranean (polyunsaturated fats, antioxidants)

what affect does red wine have on the cardiovascular system?

protect blood vessel linings, lower LDL, prevent clots

at what age does your risk for cancer increase significantly

55

what age range is the time when most cancers are diagnosed

55-74

what biological mechanisms contribute to the heightened risk associated with aging

cellular senescence

telomere shortening

epigenetic alteration

what is the most common cancer in males

prostate

describe the demographic affected by prostate cancer most commonly

65+

african american, caribbean

brother or father with prostate CA doubles the risk

what is the most common cancer is females

breast

when should women begin having the choice to start yearly breast screenings for CA

40-44

when should women get a mammogram yearly

45-54

what age women can switch to two year mammograms

55 and older

what increases the risk of breast ca

strong fam hx

genes for it

what is the most common cancer in the US

skin

how often should lung cancer screening occur?

yearly

what are some risk factors for colorectal cancer

physical inactivity, diet high in red and processed meats, excess body weight, smoking, alcohol, fam hx of polyps

what are some Red flags indicating Cancer

significant unintentional weight loss

enlarged lymph nodes that are NON-tender

long lasting fever

sores that do not heal

blood in stool or urine

changes in bowel habits

what are some ways to manage colo-rectal cancer

increase fiber and calcium intake

decrease fat

regular colonoscopies

what is the #3 leading disease and cause of death in older populations

stroke

what type of stroke occurs in 87% of stroke cases in the US annually

ischemic

what is the most robust non-modifiable risk factor for strokes? How often does it double

aging

every 10 years after age 55

approximately 75% of strokes occur in patients ___ years or older

65

a systolic blood pressure of ___ and up is considered stage 2 while ___ and higher is a medical emergency

140, 180

what are the clinical signs of stroke

facial drooping sparing the forehead

drop attacks

severe headache

altered mental state

what are the 5 D's, 3 N's and A that are signs of stroks

dysphasia, dysmetria, dysarthria, dizziness, and diplopia

nausea, nystagmus, numbness

ataxia

what are the top 5 chronic lung diseases

1. COPD

2. asthma

3. pneumonia

4. interstitial lung disease

5. lung cancer