Allergic Rhinitis, Cough, and Colds

Allergic Rhinitis

Inflammatory disorder of the upper airway, lower airway, and eyes. Presents as: sneezing rhinorrhea, pruritus, nasal congestion, sinusitis, and asthma. Drugs given: glucocorticoids (intranasal), antihistamines (oral, intranasal), sympathomimetics (oral, intranasal).

Intranasal Glucocorticoids

First choice: most effective for treatment and prevention of rhinitis. May cause: drying of nasal mucosa or sore throat, epistaxis (nose bleed), heachache. Types of drug: budesonide (rhinocort aqua), fluticasone propionate (flonase), triamcinolone (nasacort).

Oral Antihistamines

For allergic rhinitis: does not reduce nasal congestion, most effective if taken prophylactically. Should be taken regularly throughout the allergy season, even when symptoms are absent, sedating with 1st generation. Types of Drug: azelastine (astelin), Olopatadine (patanase).

Intranasal Cromolyn Sodium

Prophylaxis - administered before symptoms start, response developed in 1 to 2 weeks

Sympathomimetics

Reduces nasal congestion (does not reduce rhinorrhea, sneezing, or itching). Adverse effects: rebound congestion, CNS stimulation, cardiovascular effects and stroke, abuse. Do not use drops more than 5 days in a row. Types of drug: Phenylephrine (suphedrine), Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)

Antitussives

Drugs that suppress cough. Types of drug - Opioid: codeine and hydrocodone, Non-opioid: dextromethorphan and benzonatate

Expectorants

Renders cough more productive by stimulating flow of respiratory tract secretions. Types: Guaifenesin (mucinex + humibid)