Race relations test 2

test 2

Cost-Burdened

pays more than 30% of income on rent/mortgage and more than 50% of income on housing, utilities, and other house related expenses
- many black & hispanic households

Classic Racism

- pre-1960s Jim Crow Era racism before the civil rights movement
- blacks were no longer enslaved but segregated and given less access to amenities than whites, blacks must still treat whites as superior

hypersexuality

black women portrayed in hollywood as hypersexual whores to distinguish them from white women after slavery (still today like Halle Berry's character in Monster's Ball).
- to absolve white woman of all responsibility for their sexual acts bc black women were "more aggressively sexual"

intersectional analysis

Examines how discrimination operates at the intersection of multiple structures of oppression — address problem with analysis that focus on a single axis of discrimination (gender oppression different for black females and white females)

CROWN act

Creating a Respectful and Open World for Natural hair.
- banned hair discrimination in workplace, public accomodations & federally funded programs as black hair is stereotypically seen as unkempt or unprofessional
- past in 2019 in 17 states
- to give blacks the right to chose what they want to do with their own hair

Model Minorities

asain immigrants who had higher levels of literacy rates than other european immigrants, specifically japanese immigrants who arrived in 1909.
- white racists were jealous of their success and subjected them to racial discrimination.

Reverse Racism

the claim by whites that they suffer discrimination based upon their race and, therefore, experience social disadvantages
- whites believed they were worthy of jobs that were taken by "unworthy" blacks due to DEI

America First

a focus on putting America first after 9/11, focus on protecting white Americans from external & internal threats aka black criminals, unpatriotic blacks, and liberal elites.

Jezebel Myth/Stereotype

black females depicted as whores during slavery
- defeminize black females as whores who only want sex no romance, sexual aggressors.
- to absolve white males of all responsibility for their sexual assaults

Symbolic Whores

black females in movies who assume sexuality of a man, often crude, degrading, peform crude acts, do not see men as whole persons, treat men as objects
- to depict woman having sexual history after sexual revolution but to still show black females as "bad girls"

Texturism

hair discrimination
- black natural hair seen as less professional

Color Blind Racism

- emerged in response to civil rights movement that discredited classic/overt racism of pre-1960s
- said systemic racism ended with the civil rights movement
- focused on harms to whites that occured bc blacks "pretended" US still had problems w/ system racism after the CRM
- overall ignores systemic racism that still occurs

Hyperselectivity

immigrant community in US drawn from the upper strata of the old country's population as when immigrant community in US has higher % of college degree holders than conationals who stayed behind in old country

Hyposelectivity

immigrant community in US has lower % of degree holders than their conationals who stayed behind in old country.
ex: post WW2 hyperselected chinese immigrants to US fared better than hyposelected Vietnamese immigrants to US

Individualistic Fallacy

mistakenly equate racism with nasty thoughts, biases, and divide people into racist & nonracist — assume people intentionally act racist

Upward Mobility

- an increase in social class
- percent of kids born into bottom 20% of households who make it to the top 20% of households
— 2.5% of blacks are upwardly moble (lowest), 25.5% of asains are upwardly mobile (highest)

In-vivo

- within life
- primary sources of intergenerational wealth are inhertiances and gifts

Gender Oppression

Feminized persons are ranked below masculinized persons and receive fewer societal rewards

Female Racial Hierarchy

- white females were wives, sweethearts, mothers, sisters, daughters, socially respectable, seen as feminine.
- black females were simply slaves and treated as such, not respectable, defeminized

Mammy

Hollywood stereotype of black females as loyal slaves, maids, cooks, cleaners to openly depict the female racial hierarchy

Black Matriarch

- single black mom in charge of household
- defeminizes black females as she becomns breadwinner and head of house

Symbolic Power

The power to classify 1 group of poeple as normal and other groups as abnormal .
— white domination in hollywood, sports, music, art

Environmental Microagression

- brief & commonplace daily verbal, behavioral or environmental insults that communicate slurs, slights, and insults to POC
- ex; workplace that excludes decoration or literature representing various racial groups
- subtle, indirect, unintentional

Code Switching

- blacks deliberately & temporarily suspend behaviors, vrbal styles and other forms of presentation that are labeled as black behaviors
- done in order to recieve fair treatment, quality service, protection, or employment

Systematic Racism

- unjust enrichment & enhanced opportunities for whites and unjust impoverishment & great barriers for blacks
- ex: blacks had no access to public accomodations and were placed in segregated schools, neighborhoods, jobs, etc

Income

Flow of resources earned in a particular period; usually used to pay for day-to-day necessities

Wealth

- the net value of ones assets minus debts.
assets = value of stocks owned, savings, real estate, businesses, provides a financial cushion even if job lost

Racial Wealth Gap

- Drastic and growing difference in wealth accumulation between Black and White individuals due to:
- number of years of homeownership
- houshold income
- unemployment
- college education
- inheritance, financial supports, pre-existing family wealth

Household Income

- increases in household income allowed ppl to add to wealth, but blacks added less than whites — whites more likely to work at jobs with employer sponsored savings programs

Unemployment (racial wealth gap)

- whites experiences less income instability as their unemployment rates were lower than blacks
- unemployment subtracts from wealth bc unemployed have to draw down their savings

College Education (racial wealth gap)

- blacks less likely to graduate from college
- blacks can't afford college
- local poor schools don't prepare them to enter & complete college

Inheritance (racial wealth gap)

- whites 5x more likely to inherit than blacks
- whites inhertited 10x more than blacks

Lateral Mobility

- an enthnic immigrant's ability to boost their status is based on the relative social standing of the majority of members of an immigrant group in their country of origin
- ex: descendants of jewish immigrants achieved higher education levels than other non-jewish europeans bc jewish were skilled artisands, higher literacy rates

The 3 tiers of injustice (Darity & Mullen)

1. Slavery Era (1600s - 1865)
2. Jim Crow Era (1877-1964)
3. Present day racial discrimination

Great Recession (2007-2009)

- massive, prolonged economic downturn.
- blacks lost so much wealth as they lost homes due to foreclosures

Gender

- social construction referring to attributes by which human beings get characterized as masculine or feminine, learned via socialization

Why did black females take issue with Mainstream Feminism?

- questioned whether moving from home to workplace was empowering for them since they had always worked and yet their work was not liberating or empowering.
- for black females, empowerment meant organizing to improve their neighborhoods, jobs, and families.
- saw black males as allies rather than oppressors
- ignored the role that white female elites played in the oppression of POCs