entm final

how much percentage of beetles make of ALL species

~25%

What is the main morphological characteristic of beetles

mouth parts have been modififed for chewing in adult and larva

What are the function of the elytra

• armor

• retention of water

• stabilzation during flights

• protection of Hindwing

Most beetles elytra cover entire mesothorax, metathorax, and abdomen. What beetle is elytra fused together to make them flightless

Darkling beetles

brief description of each modified leg

• cursorial leg

• fossorial leg

• natatorial leg

• saltatorial leg

T/F: although beetles have holometabolous development, the larva and adults have similar habitats and eat similar foods

True

what disease does the bark beetle spread? What agent does it spread?

• disease:

  • chestnut blight on American chestnut

  • Dutch elm disease on American elm

• agent: fungus

Characteristic of Robber flies

• predacious

• aggressive mimicry

• stylate mouthparts surround by a “beard”

• concave (depression inwards)

what are the defensive characteristic of swallowtail butterfly caterpillar?

• mimicry

• osmeterium: defensive organ of caterpillars that emits odorous chemicals

75% of this family of butterfly have ant-associations

family lycaenidae (glossamer-winged butterflies)

Main way to distinguish moth from butterflies

• antennae

  • moth feather like (bipectinate) or thin antennae

  • butterflies have thicker antennae, with bulb or hooks on end

what are several method to distinguish a sawfly larvae and caterpillar?

• number of prolegs

  • caterpillars have 5 or fewer

  • sawfly have 6 or more

• metamorphosis

  • caterpillars becomes butterflies or moth

  • sawflies look like wasp

• caterpillars have little hooks (crochet) on prolegs, sawflies don’t

haplodiploidy

in hymenoptera

• females are diploids (two complete set of chromosomes)

  • females are able to reproduce for haploid male without mating

• males are haploid (one set of chromosomes)

type of modified antennae ant have?

geniculate (elbow shape)

two innovation in ant subfamily myrmicinae

• seed harvesting

• fungus growing (our farmer the leaf cutter ants”

describe eusociality

• live in groups as adults

• cooperative brood care

• reproductive division of labor (caste system)

• overlapping generation of adults

types of pupa

• puparium - flies

• chysalis - butterflies

• cocoons - moths

• tumblers - mosquitos (can move by swimming)

Specialized ovipoitor (tubular organ, female deposits eggs) in ants and bees

worker female cannot reproduce, ovipositor becomes stinger

forensic entomology

• insect are poikilothermic (varies of internal temperature)

  • growth and aging depends on surrounding temperature

  • hotter = faster growth and age

• forencis entom, data pulled from weather station to calculate insect age (degree hour)

T/F: ¾ of world’s flowering plants depend on animal pollinators

true

How do honey bees make a queen

feed the larval royal jelly throughout their development

two ways bumble bees forage

• by buzz pollinaions (move their flight muscle rapidly, releasing pollen)

• nectar robbing (make hole near base of flower, access nectar while avoiding pollen transfer)

T/F: solitary bees make up on 40% of bee species

False, about 85% (majority of bee species)

comparison of bees and wasp

bee:

• feed on nectar

• larvae feed on pollen

• Chunky with round bodies

• hairy body and legs

wasp:

• ADULTS feed on nectar

• larvae feed on prey

• hairless bodies and legs

What insect goes through Adenotrophic viviparity (development of larvae within female’s body)

Tsetse fly

Monarch butterflies host plant is Milkweed. What compound does milkweed produce as a defence?

Cardenolides are toxic, cardiac glycosides found in milkweed family (asclepiadaceae)

flight behavior between tiger swallowtail vs giant swallowtail

giant swallowtail:

• “hopping” flight patterns

• females beat wing slowly but move quickly due to large wings

eastern tiger swallowtail

• gracful and leiserely flight

• fly high above woods and forests