Notebook important notes

in regulating blood flow what opens the Calcium channels

The change in MP [depolarization] causes this channel to open. The calcium then lets chloride channel open

what effect does depolarization and hyperpolarization have on cells especially on smooth muscle cells

Depolarization causes the muscle cells to contract. hyperpolarization causes the muscle cell to relax.

in regulating blood flow, The calcium opening the chloride channel has what effect

Depolarization because chloride which is an anion is exiting the cell. which allows the muscle to contract

in regulating blood flow, if the chloride comes in what effect does it have

it hyperpolarizes the cell causing it to contract

which type of vessels have the greatest sum cross sectional area

the capillaries

which type of vessels collect/receive blood from capillaries

venules

the potassium leak channels allows more potassium than the sodium leak channel allow sodium in. This creates what kind of MP?

The Na/K pump creates negative Mp

The funny channels that let Na flow through them are open when

They are only open when the voltage moves below the threshold potential -45mV. if the voltage is above the threshold potential, it will close. once threshold potential is reached it will close.

what happens to calcium channels above the threshold potential?

The depolarization gated calcium channel opens and lets calcium in

to repolarize the cell what will happen?

The depolarization will open the K+ channels which will repolarize the membrane. So because K+ is already concentrated in the cell because of Na/k pump. K+ will be exiting the cell which will make the cell more negative. K+ IS BEING DRIVEN OUT BY CONCENTRATION

what are a few things that will happen below the threshold potential?

K+ will continue to leave until it reaches resting potential. funny channels will open

no glabra

This means every epidermal cell will form hair. which means glabra prevents hair formation

when glabra gene is turned on. It can only be turned on when?

werewolf is in greater quantity than caprice because werewolf and glabra is do not make hair but caprice in greater quantity will override them and tell the cell to make hair