DMS 114 - Midterm Practice Quizzes (Parts 1 & 2)

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering normal abdominal anatomy and physiology, particularly relevant for ultrasound exams, focusing on key structures and their functions.

What abdominal region is the liver primarily located in?

Right hypochondriac

Which vessel divides the liver into right and left lobes?

Middle hepatic vein

What is the bare area of the liver a region:

attached to the diaphragm and not covered by peritoneum

What is the ligamentum teres a remnant of?

Umbilical vein

What describes normal bile flow?

Canaliculi → Common hepatic duct → Cystic duct → CBD → Duodenum

What structure controls the ampulla of Vater?

Sphincter of Oddi

What three veins form the portal confluence?

Splenic, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric veins

Where does the pancreas lie?

Retroperitoneal and posterior to the stomach

Where does the uncinate process of the pancreas lie?

Posterior to the SMV

What artery supplies blood to the spleen?

Splenic artery

Which structure appears anechoic with thin, echogenic walls in the fasting state?

Gallbladder

What is the normal maximum diameter for the common bile duct?

6 mm

How does the spleen's sonographic appearance compare to the liver?

Hypoechoic

What is the normal maximum length of the spleen?

13 cm

Why are the walls of portal veins echogenic?

Fibrous tissue surrounding the portal triads

In a normal sagittal scan through the right lobe, how does the gallbladder appear?

Anterior to the right kidney and inferior to the liver

Which structure is most echogenic under normal conditions?

Pancreas

When scanning the liver in the sagittal plain, the transducer marker should be oriented toward:

The patient’s head

What Doppler finding indicates normal portal venous flow?

Hepatopetal with low velocity, continuous flow

What is the primary goal of the liver protocol in a sonographic exam?

Evaluate all lobes, segments, and vascular landmarks

What is the primary exocrine function of the pancreas?

Secretion of digestive enzymes (amylase, lipase, protease)

Which lab values indicate biliary obstruction?

Elevated ALP and bilirubin

Which is NOT a function of the liver?

Production of insulin

What is the primary responsibility of the spleen's red pulp?

Filtration and phagocytosis of old RBCs

Describe the complete flow of bile from its sight of production to its entry into the duodenum.

Hepatocyte → Canaliculi → R/L hepatic ducts → CHD → Cystic duct → CBD → Duodenum

What direction describes normal flow in the main portal vein?

Hepatopetal

What Doppler characteristic is typical for hepatic veins?

Triphasic waveform with cardiac influence

Which vessel joins the splenic vein to form the portal vein?

Superior mesenteric vein

What peritoneal compartment is the spleen located in?

Intraperitoneal

Which structure is most closely associated with the tail of the pancreas?

Splenic hilum

From which artery does the body and tail of the pancreas receive blood?

Splenic artery

How does the pancreas's echogenicity compare to the liver?

slightly more echogenic

The splenic vein runs along which surface of the pancreas?

Posterior surface of the pancreas

Which structure lies posterior to the neck of the pancreas?

Portal confluence

Where does the CBD pass through in the pancreas?

Head

What part of the biliary system is extrahepatic?

Common bile duct

What does the spleen's red pulp do?

Filters and removes old red blood cells

The splenic vein drains into which vessel?

Portal vein

What lab values best correlate with pancreatic inflammation?

Elevated amylase and lipase

What should normal hepatic arterial flow demonstrate?

Low resistance, forward flow throughout diastole