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what is ethanol?
ethanol is an alcohol with two carbon atoms - C2H5OH
what are four uses of ethanol?
chemical feedstock to produce other chemicals, as a solvent, a fuel (when made by living organisms it is called a biofuel), and for making alcoholic drinks
how is ethanol made from ethene?
ethene is reacted with steam (gaseous water) at a high temperature, high pressure, and with a phosphoric acid catalyst
what is the word equation for the reaction of making ethanol from ethene?
ethene + water → ethanol
what are the pros of making ethanol from ethene?
ethene is cheap and the reaction itself is cheap and efficient
what are the cons of making ethanol from ethene?
ethene is made from crude oil which is a non-renewable resource
what does the term “fermentation” mean with reference to ethanol?
fermentation is the anaerobic respiration of sugars by yeast cells to produce ethanol and carbon dioxide
what is the word equation for the reaction of making ethanol by fermentation?
glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide
what are the conditions for fermentation?
yeast, glucose for the yeast to expire, 30=40 degrees celsius, anaerobic conditions (no oxygen)
what are the pros of making ethanol of fermentation?
glucose is a renewable source so it can’t run out; yeast are easy to grow
what are the cons of making ethanol from fermentation?
the process can be relatively slow - the ethanol produced isn’t pure, so it must be distilled by fractional distillation
why are temperatures of 30-40 degrees celsius used when making ethanol by fermentation?
the reaction is catalysed by enzymes, and 30-40 degrees celsius is the optimum temperature for them to function
