FNR24150 Exam 1 Notes (copy)

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42 Terms

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Lissamphibia

The superclass containing all modern amphibians, including frogs, salamanders, and caecilians.

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Temnospondyli

An extinct group of amphibians that were prominent during the Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras.

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Gymnophiona

A group of legless amphibians that includes caecilians.

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Anura

The order of amphibians that includes frogs and toads.

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Caudata

The order of amphibians that includes salamanders.

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Upper Devonian

The geological period during which early tetrapods, such as the ancestors of amphibians, lived.

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Carboniferous

The geological period following the Devonian, marked by a diversity of amphibian life.

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Ichthyostega

One of the earliest known tetrapods that lived during the late Devonian; often referred to as the 'roof fish'.

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Tiktaalik

An early lobe-finned fish from the late Devonian, recognized for its transitional features between fish and tetrapods.

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Amphibamus

An early amphibian from the late Carboniferous, known for its characteristics similar to modern salamanders.

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Gerobatrachus

A transitional fossil between frogs and salamanders, found in the early Permian.

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Triadobatrachus

Considered the first true frog, existing in the early Triassic.

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Viraella

The earliest known true frogs, found in the early Jurassic.

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Paleobatrachus

An ancient frog from the Cretaceous--Tertiary period that was completely aquatic.

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Sirenidae

A family of aquatic salamanders, known for their elongated bodies and retention of larval features.

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Cryptobranchidae

A family of giant salamanders, including the Eastern Hellbender, known for their large size and aquatic habitat.

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Proteidae

A family of salamanders that includes mudpuppies, distinguished by their external gills.

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Ambystomatidae

A family of mole salamanders known for their robust bodies and aquatic larval stages.

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Plethodontidae

The largest family of salamanders, primarily lungless, which respire through their skin.

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Anura

The order of amphibians that encompasses frogs and toads, characterized by their jumping abilities.

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Scaphiopodidae

A family of spadefoot toads known for their adaptations to temporary aquatic environments.

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Hylidae

A family of treefrogs recognized for their climbing abilities and varied habitats.

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Bufonidae

The toad family, characterized by their warty skin and often terrestrial habits.

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Ranidae

The family of true frogs, known for their extensive diversity and aquatic lifestyles.

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Ectothermy

A mode of temperature regulation where an organism relies on external sources of heat.

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Endothermic

Organisms that create their own heat and can maintain a stable internal temperature.

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Gametogenesis

The process of gamete formation involving the division and growth of sperm and egg cells.

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Metamorphosis

The biological process by which amphibians transition from aquatic larvae to terrestrial adults.

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Paedomorphosis

The retention of juvenile characteristics in adult animals.

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Oviparous

An reproductive strategy where eggs are laid and develop externally.

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Viviparous

A reproductive strategy where live young are born instead of laying eggs.

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Ovoviviparous

A form of reproduction in which eggs develop inside the mother's body and hatch into live young.

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Sirenidae

Family of amphibians known as sirens, with characteristics like external gills and paedomorphosis.

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Cryptobranchidae

Family of large aquatic salamanders, including the giant salamanders.

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Reptilia

The class comprising reptiles, characterized by dry, scaly skin and laying amniotic eggs.

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Amniotic Egg

An egg that has protective membranes allowing for development in a terrestrial environment.

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Hylonomus

Considered the earliest known true reptile, dating back to the Carboniferous period.

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Archosauromorphs

A group of diapsids that includes birds and crocodilians.

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Tuatara

A living fossil species from New Zealand, representing the order Sphenodontia.

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Diapsid

A group of reptiles characterized by having two temporal fenestrae in the skull.

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Synapsid

A major clade of amniotes that includes mammals, characterized by a single temporal fenestra.

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Parthenogenesis

A form of asexual reproduction where fertilization does not occur and offspring are genetically similar to the mother.