Religion, Science, and Deviance

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34 Terms

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Belief

any proposition thought to be true

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Belief system

a set of interrelated beliefs

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Belief systems as deviant

Deviance within a group that follows specific beliefs OR the entire belief system being seen as deviant

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Belief systems as social typers of deviance

When a belief system defines who is deviant and what their consequences should be

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Majority of Canadians

(approx. 76%) identify with some sort of faith

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Secularization

decline of the influence of organized religion

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Strong Theist

I do not question the existence of God, I KNOW the exists

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De-facto Theist

I cannot know for certain, but I strongly believe in God and I live my life on the assumption that he is there

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Weak Theist

I am very uncertain, but I am inclined to believe in God.

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Pure Agnostic

God’s existence and non-existence are equally probable

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Weak Atheist

I do not know whether God exists but I’m inclined to be skeptical

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De-facto Atheist

I cannot know for certain but I think God is very improbable and I live my life under the assumption that he is not there

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Strong Atheist

I am 100% sure that there is no God

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Ecclesia

A specific religious belief system that is adopted at a governmental level and becomes a nation’s “official” religion

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Churches

Large and powerful religious groups, highly bureaucratic

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World’s major religions

Islam, Judaism, Hinduism, Sikhism, Buddhism, Christianity

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Sects

Smaller religious groups that have usually broken away from larger churches

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Cults

Smaller than sects, more reactionary, oppositional doctrines

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Tensions

Influencing each other in both directions

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Deviancy amplification

becoming more extreme

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Millenarianism

complete social transformation is coming

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March 1997

Marshall Applewhite and 38 members of the Heaven's Gate cult committed suicide

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John de Ruiter

Claims to be a “living embodiment of truth”

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Charismatic relationship

belief that a leader is ‘‘endowed with supernatural, superhuman, or exceptional powers or qualities” (Weber)

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“Cultic milieu”

A hidden cultural cycle that constantly creates new cults, recycles old ones, and fosters new cult followers

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Demographics

white, middle aged, affluent, mostly women

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Individual level

Personal beliefs define what is right or wrong for both ourselves and others

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Societal level

When religious and political beliefs overlap, those seen as religiously deviant may also be considered politically deviant

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Science

Knowledge based on general truths and laws, tested through the scientific method.

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Bad apple/bad person theory

Misconduct is rare, caused by a few individuals with psychological or moral flaws. Removing them protects the integrity of science, which aims for truth.

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Iceberg theory

Science’s structure can lead to rule-breaking. High pressure to publish increases misconduct, which is hard to catch

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Deviant science

an entire scientific belief system is questioned

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“scientific worldview”

presumption that a claim is false until proven beyond a doubt

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Eugenics

some groups are more evolved and hence, superior to other groups (based on social darwinism)