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Belief
any proposition thought to be true
Belief system
a set of interrelated beliefs
Belief systems as deviant
Deviance within a group that follows specific beliefs OR the entire belief system being seen as deviant
Belief systems as social typers of deviance
When a belief system defines who is deviant and what their consequences should be
Majority of Canadians
(approx. 76%) identify with some sort of faith
Secularization
decline of the influence of organized religion
Strong Theist
I do not question the existence of God, I KNOW the exists
De-facto Theist
I cannot know for certain, but I strongly believe in God and I live my life on the assumption that he is there
Weak Theist
I am very uncertain, but I am inclined to believe in God.
Pure Agnostic
God’s existence and non-existence are equally probable
Weak Atheist
I do not know whether God exists but I’m inclined to be skeptical
De-facto Atheist
I cannot know for certain but I think God is very improbable and I live my life under the assumption that he is not there
Strong Atheist
I am 100% sure that there is no God
Ecclesia
A specific religious belief system that is adopted at a governmental level and becomes a nation’s “official” religion
Churches
Large and powerful religious groups, highly bureaucratic
World’s major religions
Islam, Judaism, Hinduism, Sikhism, Buddhism, Christianity
Sects
Smaller religious groups that have usually broken away from larger churches
Cults
Smaller than sects, more reactionary, oppositional doctrines
Tensions
Influencing each other in both directions
Deviancy amplification
becoming more extreme
Millenarianism
complete social transformation is coming
March 1997
Marshall Applewhite and 38 members of the Heaven's Gate cult committed suicide
John de Ruiter
Claims to be a “living embodiment of truth”
Charismatic relationship
belief that a leader is ‘‘endowed with supernatural, superhuman, or exceptional powers or qualities” (Weber)
“Cultic milieu”
A hidden cultural cycle that constantly creates new cults, recycles old ones, and fosters new cult followers
Demographics
white, middle aged, affluent, mostly women
Individual level
Personal beliefs define what is right or wrong for both ourselves and others
Societal level
When religious and political beliefs overlap, those seen as religiously deviant may also be considered politically deviant
Science
Knowledge based on general truths and laws, tested through the scientific method.
Bad apple/bad person theory
Misconduct is rare, caused by a few individuals with psychological or moral flaws. Removing them protects the integrity of science, which aims for truth.
Iceberg theory
Science’s structure can lead to rule-breaking. High pressure to publish increases misconduct, which is hard to catch
Deviant science
an entire scientific belief system is questioned
“scientific worldview”
presumption that a claim is false until proven beyond a doubt
Eugenics
some groups are more evolved and hence, superior to other groups (based on social darwinism)