Module 1.2. HISTORY AND BACKGROUND OF HOUSING AND SETTLEMENTS IN THE PHILIPPINES

PRE-COLONIAL TIMES (BEFORE 1565)

• Like other cities in the world the earliest Filipino communities developed out of the need for their inhabitants to band together.

• They were formed for security, or to be close to critical resources like food and water. Most of the earliest towns were by the coast for the fisher folk or were where there was abundant agricultural land for the farmers.

• The community unit was the barangay, consisting of 30 to 100 families.

barangay

The community unit in Pre-Colonial Times was…

30 to 100 families

The community unit was the barangay, consisting of…

BEFORE 1565

When was PRE-COLONIAL TIMES

1565–1898

When was THE SPANISH COLONIAL TIMES

1571

Manila became capital in…

south and east

This served as the seat of a kingdom (Sapa) extending to the —

north

across the Pasig was the capital of Tundok going —.

the canon maker

Artisans like Panday Pira (—)

El Admirante

A relative of Sulayman's called “—” was commissioned to level and strengthen the foundations of the future walled city.

Laws of the Indies

• The Spaniards evolved a common set of ideas for town planning and construction throughout their empire that seem remarkably familiar to date.

• These ideas were codified in ordinances promulgated by King Philip II

King Philip II

He proclaimed the Laws of the Indies

1573

When was the Law of Indies promulgated

Laws of the Indies

▪ established uniform standards and planning procedures for colonial settlements.

▪ These laws provided guidelines for site selection, layout and dimensioning of streets and squares (cuadricula), the location of civic and religious buildings, open space, cultivation and pasturing lands, and even the main procedural phases of planning and construction.

▪ The Plaza Complex- a result of several ordinances of the Laws of the Indies.

The Plaza Complex

— a result of several ordinances of the Laws of the Indies

1589

From ___ onwards, the Spanish religious orders sought to bring the dispersed native communities 'under the bells' (debajo de las camapanas) resulting in about 695 reducciones (community consolidation) of six million soul

1596

YEAR?

spatial segregation along racial and social lines - Indios and Chinese have separate districts; Parian or market spatial concentration of merchants and artisans to regulate the exchange of goods.

1600s to 1700s

YEAR?

process of Hispanization through the founding of cabeceras (poblaciones) and visitas (barrios); natives living on the unplanned fringes of the neighborhood

poblaciones

CABECERAS means…

barrios

VISITAS means…

Cabeceras

— small mission settlements located at the heart of the town. It functions as center for religious activities and cultural change.

Cuidades

— these are urban cluster settlements with nonagricultural population of at least 10,000 persons.

Cuidades

It functions as defensive centers, seat of bishoprics, center for education, regional centers for colonial rule. It has a social mix of Spanish concomicaderos, resident ecclesiastics, Principalia and Chines.

Villas

— these are semi-urban nodes strategically scattered for an effective colonial control.

Intramuros

Means “within the walls”

Intramuros

• The walled city of Manila

• 1.2 sq. KM in area; perimeter is 3.4 KM

• home of the Spanish (except for the Friars & the high ranking officials)

• Decentralization occurred and settlements were built in Malate, San Miguel, and Paco, among other areas

Extramuros

non-western people living outside the walls

Extramuros

• Dilao the Japanese District

• Parian for Chinese

• Filipino arrabales

Malate

San Miguel

Paco

SPANISH COLONIAL TIMES

Decentralization occurred and settlements were built in…

early 1600s

YEAR?

Manila became the first primate city in Southeast Asia.

1650

YEAR?

chapels or small churches in the cabecera were built to attract tenacious natives from the barrios (hinterlands) through fiestas and processions

1790s

YEAR?

opening of the Manila- Acapulco galleon trade; emergence of semi-urban places in the provinces

1850s-late 1800s

Chinese dominated central commercial business districts in all settlements; commercial shops on the ground floors of centrally located houses; no more spatially segregated peripheral clusters of Chinese; decentralized residential pattern for Spaniards