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Flashcards covering key vocabulary from the lecture notes on seedless plants and seed plants, focusing on life cycles, structures, and evolutionary advantages.
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Sporangia
Organs that produce haploid spores via meiosis.
Gametangia
Organs that produce haploid gametes via mitosis.
Antheridia
Male gametangia.
Archegonia
Female gametangia where fertilization occurs.
Homosporous
Condition where each spore produces a gametophyte with both archegonia and antheridia.
Protonemata
Early gametophytes with a high surface area to volume ratio to enhance nutrient absorption in mosses.
Rhizoids
Root-like structures that anchor mosses, but do not transport water.
Sori
Clusters of sporangia on the underside of fern leaves.
Fiddleheads
The diploid embryo develops into a new sporophyte.
Microscopic gametophytes
Develop within the parental sporophyte and are protected from environmental stress.
Heterospory
Spores are of two types, male and female.
Megaspore
A haploid megaspore within a megasporangium divides by mitosis to become a female n gametophyte that will produce an egg cell (by mitosis)
Microspore
A haploid microspore produced via meiosis in a diploid microsporangium divides by mitosis to become a male n gametophyte that will produce sperm cells (by mitosis).
Ovules
Structures in a 2n parent sporophyte that contain an outer 2n protective integument and 2n female megasporangium cells which produce the female n megaspore (via meiosis).
Seeds
Protect, disperse, and initially feed sporophyte embryos and allow some sporophyte embryos to remain dormant for years awaiting favorable conditions
Pollen grains
Microspores grow via mitosis into haploid pollen grains that contain haploid (n) male gametophytes (also much reduced in size) that that are protected and widely dispersed.
Epicotyl
Stem above cotyledons.
Radicle
Embryonic root.
Lignin
Plant Vascular tissue used for support.