ITP 330

The tragic Tylenol episode that caused the death of 7 people in 1982 changed which practices of the packaging industry?

The package tamper evident practices of the pharmaceutical industry

Papyrus is a cellulose-based material that is manufactured using the same technology as paper.

False

The folding carton of a cereal box is an example of

Primary packaging system

The plastic bag of a cereal box is an example of:

Primary packaging system

Which of the following stakeholders transform materials into packages?

Converters

The earliest process to make paper as we know it was well known in Ancient Greece (700 B.C.)

False

Which of the following plastics is no longer commonly used today as a packaging plastic?

Bakelite

primary packaging

System of components with one touching the products. Toothpaste tube and box.

secondary packaging

Used for distribution, not usually on the shelf. Corrugated shippers or shrink wrap

tertiary packaging

Unitizes several secondary packaging to ship in bulk. pallets and plastic wrap.

quaternary packaging

Shipping containers

Packaging value chain

All of the stakeholders that add value to the package and product. Converters, fillers, sellers, end consumer, end of life manager, suppliers, and transportation channels.

Converters

convert raw materials to packages

Fillers

Company that manufactures the product and puts it in the packaging.

Sellers

The stakeholders that sell the products to others. Grocery store etc..

End Consumer

The stakeholder that buys and uses the product.

End of Life Managers

The stakeholder that manages the end of the packages life. Landfill, compost, etc..

Suppliers

The stakeholder that produces the raw materials to make packaging. Paper mill or label makers.

Transportation Channels

The stakeholder that transports the package. UPS, train.

Regulators

The stakeholders who regulate packages such as the FDA that create testing standards.

Wine Bottle vs. Wine Amphora

Creating value and keeping up with a changed society. 'Ceramic->Glass. Large quantity-> small quantity.

10000 BC

Packaging consists of sacks and baskets made of animal or plant. The beginning of packaging containment

5000 BC

Bulk packaging begins to store and conserve products. New materials emerge such as pottery, ceramics, and wood boxes.

1500 BC

In Mesopotamia and Egypt, hollow glass is used to store products. Glass is formed by core forming with a solid core (clay and dung) that wraps hot glass around.

700 BC

vessels from greece. Packaging is made of diverse materials such as bronze, silver, and gold. Packages were made from a mold.

250 BC

This is the time when there was information on a package made by a stamp. It informed the consumer of who created the product, where its made, and the date of packaging.

50 BC

glass blowing is invented.

Papyrus

This is the first paper-like product, but not paper made from Papyrus Reeds. It was made in Egypt in 3000 BC.

Paper in China

Paper was first made the way we know it today in China. It was a secret in China for nearly 600 years. AD 105. The uses included hats, clothes, TP, funerals, and prayers.

Cai Lun

Chinese inventor of paper

Chinese vs. Ottoman Turks

Paper making reaches beyond China in AD 750.

First paper mill

The first papermill was in Spain/Italy in AD 1100.

Printing Press

AD 1450 Invented by Johann Gutenberg. It was a complete printing system.

1907

The first thermosetting plastic with a premium feel known as Bakelite. It is not commonly known anymore.

Cellulosic films/ Dupont

Cellophane, this was the first clear and flexible plastic. It is no longer common. It was used for cigars, candy, and food. It added value by extending the shelf life.

Polyvinyl Chloride

Better known as PVC. It has a stiffness rand and can be changed.

Cellulose Acetate

Greaseproof and transparent

PVDC

Cellophane like material, moving away from cellophane. 1930's

LDPE

low-density polyethylene plastic most commonly used in grocery bags. 1930's.

Polyurethane

a resin that can be rigid or flexible, It is cushioning. 1930's.

Polystryene

Pill bottles and egg cartons. 1930's.

Polyethylene Terephthalate

Pet. used for water and sodas. 1940s

High Density Polyethylene

Made with extrustion blow molding. The popular uses are milk, detergent, and bleach. 1950's.

Polypropylene

Made with injection molding. Used for bottle caps and films. 1950's.

Linear Low Density Polyethylene

Made with side branching on polymer chains. Popular with stretch wrap, 2-3x original length. 1970's.

Tamper-Evident Packaging

first tamper evident laws in 1982. Tylenol tamper caused 7 deaths. Heat seal and shrink wrap can show a lack of tamper.

Affordances are all of the packaging features that communicate the product's category.

False

According to Lockhart, packaging functions can be classified into the following categories

Protection, Utility, Communication

Time Temperature Indicators (TTI) are an example of Intelligent Packaging.

True

When the package's brand identity properly expresses the brand's values, it results in a strong:

Visual positioning

A child-resistant package is an example of

Protective packaging

Drip-absorbent pads commonly used in cut meat and poultry primary packaging systems, are an example of:

Active packaging

The user's experience is critical during the first moment of truth.

False

Dr. Lockhart's 3

Protection, Utility/Convenience, and communication

protection

protects the contents from the environment and vice versa. Looking at what causes loss of value and avoiding that. Can include cosmetic damage.

Barrier Packaging

A barrier packaging material is one that slows down or stops the movement of selected gaseous substances into or out of a package. This can extend the shelf-life of food.

Active packaging

Added components to packaging to enhance it. The goal is to extend shelf-life. This includes sachets that absorb gasses or pads in meat packaging.

modified atmosphere packaging

Packaging where air is removed from a sealed packet and replaced by another gas which prevents bacteria growth.

Sterile packaging

Prevents from microbial contamination and allows product to remain completely sterile and sealed

Utility/ Convenience

any package feature that makes a product easier to use, more convenient, or safer is providing utility. Examples include microwaveable, grab and go, etc..

Communication

visual positioning, product identification, affordances

Visual Positioning

Allows consumer to recognize brand and product through visual elements. Black packaging for ice cream could convey premiumness.

Product Identification

packaging that helps people to perceive and understand the product. UPC, nutrition info, etc..

Intelligent Packaging

Indicators that provide information about the package. Coor Light Blue Mountains.

Affordances

Affordances are physical packaging components that show the consumer how to use the product. Febreeze in my bathroom.

Alan Lafley

CEO of Procter and Gamble, created the packaging moments of truth.

First Moment of Truth

the critical three to seven seconds that a shopper considers a product on a store shelf

Second Moment of Truth

When consumers use the product. Does the product deliver on its promises?

Trigger Moment of Truth

a stimulus created by advertising

Search Moment of Truth

The zero moment when a consumer researches a product.

Sharing Moment of Truth

Consumers share their personal experience with a product with others in reviews.

The earliest process to make paper as we know it was invented in Egypt

False

Hardwoods have longer fibers than softwoods.

False

Which commercial process of converting pulp into paperboard uses shaking motion during the forming phase?

Fourdrinier Machine Process

Basis weight of paperboard is defined as

The weight in pounds of 1,000 square feet of paperboard

Which are the major portions of a paper machine?

Forming, Press, Drying, Winder

Which type of pulping process does not remove lignin from the pulp?

Mechanical

Cellulose

Fibers that network together and connect. Water makes cellulose fibers chemically attach to one another. It is a polymer that is a chain of cellulose molecules.

Water per lb. of paper

1lb of paper requires 25 gallons of water

Long Fiber

Strong network

How many times can paper be recycled?

5x

Hardwood Fibers

Short cellulose fiber lengths. It is weaker, smoother, and not puncture resistance. Examples of cellulose source is poplars, aspen, and maple.

Softwood Fibers

Long cellulose fibers. It is rougher and stronger. Not ideal for printing. Examples include pine, spruce, and hemlock.

Pulping purpose

Separate cellulose from lignin. Can be chemical, semi-chemical, or mechanical.

Sulfite Pulping

Weak acid that creates a less strong paper. It is in high temperatures and disolves lignin. It is easy to bleach. Wax paper is created by this.

Sulfate or kraft process

Alkaline solution that can eventually be bleached. Linerboard may be made from this.

Semi-Chemical

Less costly and used to make corrugated board

Fourdrinier Machine

1. head box

2. press

3. drying

A shaking motion keeps fibers balanced in the cross direction and machine direction. Can be used for linerboard and corrugated medium.

Cylinder Machine

Multiple cylinders and layers with no shaking. Used for Multi-ply paperboard and claycoated newsbook.

tensile strength

Measures the strength of fibers and if they resist breaking. It is greater in the machine direction.

tear resistance

The propagation of a tear that has already begun. It is greatest in the cross direction.

flat bed die cutting

fully automated and creates a good cut and score. It is also expensive and has a short lead time, it is also easy to change the die. However, it is slow.

rotary die cutting

Fast and continuous die cutting process that is high speed and has good definition. However it is pricey.

points

1/1000th of an inch

Linerboard and medium are glued together using which of the following?

Starch based adhesive

A triple wall corrugated board has how many liners?

Four

In which order are box dimensions given?

Length, width, depth