A&p2 SG

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24 Terms

1

Cephalic

Relating to cranium or head.

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2

Cephalization

Concentration of neural/sensory organs towards the body's anterior end; highest level is reached in human brain, leading to complex neural systems and intelligence.

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3

Cerebral hemispheres

The two halves of the brain that govern thought, memory, and learning.

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4

Brain stem

The part of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord, controlling vital functions.

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5

Prosencephalon

Forebrain; primary brain vesicle giving rise to telencephalon and diencephalon.

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6

Metencephalon

Derived from the rhombencephalon; it develops into the pons and cerebellum.

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7

Gray matter

Regions of the brain that contain neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, and synapses.

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8

White matter

Regions of the brain containing myelinated axons which facilitate communication between different brain regions.

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9

Sulcus

A shallow groove located between two gyri.

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10

Gyrus

An elevated ridge-like area on the surface of the brain.

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11

Fissure

A deep groove separating large brain areas.

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12

Lateral ventricles

Paired C-shaped structures in the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid.

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13

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A clear, colorless fluid produced in the ventricles, providing protection and buoyancy to the brain.

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14

Dura mater

The outermost layer of the meninges, protecting the brain and spinal cord.

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15

Pia mater

The delicate innermost layer of the meninges that closely adheres to the brain and spinal cord.

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16

Epidural space

The area between the dura mater and the vertebral bone, filled with fat and blood vessels.

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17

Reflex arc

The neural pathway that mediates a reflex action, including a receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, and effector.

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18

Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Part of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary bodily functions.

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19

Sympathetic division

Part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for the fight-or-flight response.

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20

Parasympathetic division

Part of the autonomic nervous system that promotes the rest-and-digest activities.

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21

Cholinergic fibers

Nerve fibers that release acetylcholine as their neurotransmitter.

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22

Adrenergic fibers

Nerve fibers that release norepinephrine or epinephrine as their neurotransmitters.

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23

Dermatome

An area of skin innervated by the sensory fibers of a single spinal nerve.

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24

Reflex testing

A clinical examination technique used to assess the nervous system by testing reflexes.

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