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KIN 267
Functions of blood
transports O2, CO2, nutrients, hormones, heat, waste; regulates homeostasis of fluids, pH, temp, and water; protects by clotting and WBCs
Properties of blood
liquid connective tissue consisting of cells surrounded by a liquid matrix (plasma)
Erythropoiesis
production of RBCs; in red bone marrow; stimulated by erythropoietin hormone from kidneys
Hemoglobin
protein in RBCs; carry O2 to cells and some CO2 dioxide to lungs
Erythrocytes
no nucleus, mitochondria or organelles; biconcave discs; release O2 into interstitial fluid then cell for aerobic respiration (mitochondria); live 120 days
Nitric oxide
vasodilator; improve blood flow and enhances O2 delivery; regulate blood flow and BP
Hematocrit (Hct)
percent of total blood volume composed of red blood cells; ≥60% is dangerous; caused by dehydration and EPO injection
Leukocytes
contains nucleus and organelles but no Hb; leave bloodstream and collect at invasion or inflammation; platelets clot
Pulmonary
right side of the heart; carries deoxygenated blood to lungs for gas exchange
Systemic
left side of the heart; supplies oxygenated blood to all body tissues
Atria
receive blood and pump blood to ventricles
Ventricles
pump blood throughout the body; left is larger with walls 4x stronger than right
Cardiac output
volume of blood ejected from the left or right ventricle into the aorta or pulmonary trunk each minute; CO (mL/min) = SV (mL/beat) × HR (beats/min)
Stroke volume
amount of blood pumped out of the ventricle in one beat (mL/beat)
SA node
primary pacemaker (60-100 times/min), initiates and set heartrate
AV node
secondary pacemaker (40-60 times/min); electrical gateway to ventricles
Right and left bundle branches
carry AP
Purkinje fibers
spread AP throughout ventricles
Electrocardiogram
recording of the electrical changes that accompany each heart beat
Note 
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