BMIS terms

hardware

The physical part of the computer (the part of the computer you can kick)

software

The instructions that tell the hardware what to do.

CPU/Processor

the brains of a computer. This is what actually executes the software, or what the software is written for.

RAM

Short term, high speed memory. Very expensive per GB, but very fast. Data is lost when computer is turned off. This means it is volatile memory.

Hard disk

Long term, slower storage. cheaper than ram per GB. Data is retained when computer is turned off. This means it is non-volatile memory.

Bit

the smallest piece of data that can be stored by a computer

moore’s law

#of transistors double approximately every 2 years, things are getting faster and smaller

Metcalfes law

value of network is equal to # nodes connected exponentially

neilsen’s law

amount of bandwidth we get per $ goes up, internets getting faster for cheaper

kryder’s law

amount of storage goes up every year

GPU

a specialized processor

RAID definiton and function

combines multiple hard drives or solid-state drives (SSDs) into a single logical unit, increaces speed and redundancy

Raid 0

has higher chance of failure,

byte

8 bits

why are byte 8 bits

because computers work on base 2, 8 was closest to 10

subnet definition

smaller network within a larger network

subnet function

differentiate between the network portion and the host portion of an IP address. 

Port

allows the operating system to distinguish between the multiple packets coming in, and the destination software on your computer.

IP address

identifies a device globally on the internet, acting as its unique online address

IPV4

32 bit address system, less space, less secue

IPV6

128 bit system, more space, more secure

firewall

a router that can block traffic with whatever rules you set

MIS

The management and use of information systems that help organizations achieve their strategies.

IS

Hardware, software, data, procedures, people that produce information

IT

Products, methods, inventions, and standards used to produce information

version control

management of changes to documents and other collections of information.

workflows

the automation of business processes through technology.

porters four competitive strategies

1. cost leadership

2. cost focus

3. differentiation

4. differentiation focus

porters five forces

1. bargaining power of customers

2. bargaining power of power of suppliers

3. rivalry

4. threat of substitutions

5. threat of new entrants

bargaining power of customers, Porters five forces

How easy is it for buyers to force suppliers to drop prices?

bargaining power of suppliers, Porters five forces

How easy is it for your suppliers to raise prices?

rivalry,porters five forces

looking at the number and strength of your competitors

threat of substitutions, porters five forces

How likely is it that your customers will find a different way of doing

what you do?

threat of new entrants, porters five forces

How easily can someone else enter the market?

characteristics of data

Worth its cost

Accurate

Relevant

Timely

Sufficient

metadata

data that describes data

five components of an info system

hardware, software, data, procedures, people

Raid 0

striping, half of data to each disk, can lead to disk failure

Raid 1

mirroring, no increase in speed, there is increase in redundancy

Raid 5

striping with parity

Internet of things

devices that communicate with each other thorough the internet

Operating systems

Software on which other software run on

driver

allows computer to use any type of device, like a printer

Applicaitons

software you use computer for

ERP

Nervous system of company, like a conductor, helps company run efficiently

SCM

Manages entire supply chain, helps optimize inventory

CRM

tracks customer date, centralizes customer info

HRIS

automation of HR tasks

CMS

simplifies creation of digital content on website

Native application

written to run on a particular OS

Web apps

application written to be run in a browser

source code

code in a more understandable format, unusable by computer

machine code

converted code that computers can undersatnd

open source

software where source code is public for company

Per seat licensing

purcahse for each person using the software

concurrent licensing

licensee for every active user

Site licensing

lincense for everyone in organization

GPL

least restrictive, everyting is always free

shadow IT

implementing services without IT approval

virtualization

allows multiple OS on same piece of hardware

octet

group of eight that go up to 255

MAC address

a unique identifier for a device on a local network

Router

sends packets from one subnet to another

Firewall

monitors packets and re-routes them, blocks some traffic

DNS

phone book for internet

DNS function

translates website names (like google.com) into IP addresses so computers can find and load websites.

switches

Allows multiple computers to connect together.

NICS

Network Interface card. The part in your computer that you plug the network cable into.

protocol

set of rules that define how data is transmitted and communicated between devices in a network.

file extension

a suffix at the end of a filename that indicates its format or type like, .doc

cost leadership

Aims to produce goods or services at the lowest possible cost in the industry, allowing for lower prices and higher profit margins

differentiation

strategy where a company aims to stand out in the market by offering unique features across a broad customer base

cost focus

Targets a specific market segment with a low-cost strategy, concentrating on efficiency within that niche

differentiation focus

Targets a specific market segment with a differentiated product, offering unique features tailored to that niche

bandwidth

the amount of data that can go through a system in a given time.

latency

the amount of time it takes for the first bit of data to arrive at the destination.