Anatomy Practical - Long Bone and Axial Skeleton Review

Vocabulary flashcards covering long-bone structures, cranial sutures, C1-C7 cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx, and rib anatomy based on the lecture notes.

Proximal Epiphysis

The upper expanded end of a long bone.

Distal Epiphysis

The lower expanded end of a long bone.

Metaphysis

The region of a long bone positioned between the epiphysis and the diaphysis.

Diaphysis

The main elongated shaft of a long bone.

Medullary Cavity

The internal central cavity within the diaphysis of a long bone containing bone marrow.

Endosteum

The membrane lining the inner surface of the medullary cavity within a long bone.

Periosteum

The outer membrane covering the surface of a long bone.

Epiphyseal Plate

A layer of hyaline cartilage in the metaphysis of a growing long bone.

Epiphyseal Line

The remaining structural line formed in the metaphysis after bone growth completes and the epiphyseal plate ossifies.

Coronal Suture

A cranial suture located between the frontal bone and parietal bones.

Sagittal Suture

A cranial suture situated along the midline between the two parietal bones.

Lambdoid Suture

A cranial suture located posteriorly between the parietal bones and the occipital bone.

Squamous Suture

A cranial suture located laterally between the temporal and parietal bones.

Atlas (C1)

The first cervical vertebra, composed of an anterior arch, posterior arch, facet for dens, transverse foramen, and vertebral foramen.

Axis (C2)

The second cervical vertebra, distinguished by the dens (odontoid process), transverse foramen, vertebral foramen, and spinous process.

Dens (Odontoid Process)

A tooth-like vertical projection on the axis (C2) that articulates with the facet for dens on the atlas (C1).

Bifid Spinous Process

A characteristic split spinous process found on typical cervical vertebrae (C3-C7).

Costal Facets

Articular surfaces present on thoracic vertebrae for articulation with the head of a rib.

Transverse Costal Facets

Articular facets located on the transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae that articulate with the tubercle of a rib.

Sacrum

A bone formed by fused vertebrae that includes the sacral promontory, sacral foramina, superior articular facets, ala, sacral canal, crests, and sacral hiatus.

Coccyx

Also known as the tailbone, formed by 4 fused coccygeal vertebrae; serves as an attachment site for pelvic floor muscles and ligaments.

Functions of Sacrum and Coccyx

Functions include support, weight transfer, protection of sacral nerves, and attachment of pelvic structures.

Typical Rib

A rib structure consisting of a head, neck, tubercle, body (shaft), angle, costal groove, and articulating surface with costal cartilage.

Costal Groove

A groove located along the interior aspect of the body (shaft) of a typical rib.