Ch 27-Reproductive system

sperm are made in the

testes

sperm journey

epididymis, ductus deferns, ejaculatory duct, urethra

testes are pulled closer to the body by

dartos muscles, cremaster muscles

dartos muscle

wrinkles scrotal skin making the sac smaller

cremaster muscle

raise the testes

tunica vaginalis

outer layer is derived peritoneum

tunica albuginea

inner fibrous capsule, gives rise to septa

interstitial cells/Leydig cells

make testerone

3 regions of penis

root, shaft, glans penis

circumcision

removing tip covering

internal penile anatomy

spongy urethra and 3 bodies of erectile tissue

corpus spongiosum

surrounds the urethra

where does sperm mature for 20 days

epididymis

prostatic urethra

within the prostate

membranous urethra

in the urogenital diaphragm

spongy urethra

runs the length of the penis

male accessory glands

seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethal glands

seminal vesicle

contain secretions that make up 60% of semen volume

secretions from prostate gland contain

citrate, prostate, enzymes (make up 33% of semen)

bulbourethral glands

secretions are released before ejaculation to neutralize urine

semen

transport and protects sperm

semen pH

7.3-7.6

how much semen is ejaculated

2-5 mL

during erection, parasympathetic activity promotes release of

nitric oxide

impotence

inability to attain erection

spermatogenesis

sequence of events that produces sperm in the seminiferous tubules of the testes

hormonal regulation of spermatogenesis

hypothalamus, anterior pituitary gland, testes

what hormone enhances spermatogenesis

ABP (released by FSH)

testosterone is synthesized from

cholesterol

male secondary sex characteristics

hair growth, deepening voice, thickened skin, increased skeletal muscle and bone density

testosterone is the basis for

libido (in males and females)

ovaries produce

estrogen and progesterone

female internal genitilia

ovaries and internal ducts

female external genitilia

external sex organs

ovaries are surrounded by

fibrous tunica albuginea

ovaries are embedded in

ovary cortex

follicles contain

oocyte

oocyte

immature egg

primordial follicle

one layer of squamous like follicle cells surround the oocyte

primary follicle

2 or more layers of cuboidal granulosa cells enclose the oocyte

secondary follicle

has a fluid-filled space between granulosa cells that coalesces to form a central antrum

ovulation

ejection of the oocyte from the ripening follicle

corpus luteum

ruptured follicle after ovulation

body

major portion of uterus

fundus

rounded region superior to the entrance of the uterine tubes

isthmus

narrowed region between body and cervix

cervix

narrow neck which projects into vagina inferiorly

cervical glands

secrete mucus that covers the opening and blocks sperm

uterine wall layers (3)

perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium

perimetrium

outermost serous layer (visceral peritoneum)

myometrium

middle layer (smooth muscle)

endometrium

mucosal lining of uterine cavity

stratum functionalis

layer shed during menstruation

stratum basalis

forms a new functionalis after menstruation ends

vagina

thin-walled tube from cervix to exterior of the body

vulva

lies external to vagina

mons pubis

round, fatty area overlaying the pubic symphysis

labia majora

elongated, hair covered, fatty skin folds homologous to the male scrotum

labia minora

hair free skin folds lying within labia majora

greater vestibular glands

pea size glands flanking the vagina

oogenesis

production of female sex cells by meiosis

mittelschmerz

pain felt at ovulation