Bio 11 — Unit 1

Organism

All living things

What do all organisms need to live?

Water, nutrients, space, air (oxygen + CO2)

What is the role of water in an organism

Helps organisms carry out cellular activity, such as cell division, protein synthesis, breaking food down, and transporting nutrients

What are autotrophs and heterotrophs?

Autotrophs: producers (plants, some bacteria)

Heterotrophs: consumers (carnivores, herbivores, omnivores)

What is “space” when referring to an organism’s needs?

A place for organisms to get water, food, and shelter. Organism often compete for space with others

What is “air” when referring to an organism’s needs?

CO2 or oxygen. Plants need CO2 for photosynthesis, and plants and animals need O2 for cellular respiration

What does “Cool Hippos Eat Really Tasty Green Red Cherries” stand for?

Cells, Homeostasis, Energy, Reproduce, Traits, Grow, Respond, Change

What do unicellular and multicellular mean?

Unicellular: simple, single celled (like bacteria)

Multicellular: complex, made of many cells (plants, animals)

*more cells ≠ more complex

What is homeostasis?

The ability to maintain internal conditions in response to environmental conditions

What is an example of homeostasis in humans?

Sweating when hot, shivering when cold

What is ATP?

Adenosine triphosphate

What are the levels of organization?

Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems

Define cells

Specialized cells that carry out specific functions (muscle cells, nerve cells)

Define tissues

Groups of cells that are similar in shape and function (skin tissue is made of skin cells)

Define organs

Tissues that are organized into larger structures with one function (heart)

Define Organ Systems

Groups of organs with related functions (circulatory system, digestive system)

What does ATP do?

Powers daily functions and repair/replacement of damaged cells

Describe the two ways reproduction can occur

Sexual reproduction: Two parents produce offspring with different genes

Asexual reproduction: Single parent produces identical offspring

What are traits?

Traits are passed on throughout genes found in DNA, occurs during both sexual and asexual reproduction

What does “grow” mean when referring to characteristics of organisms?

Organisms can grow larger by increasing cells in number or size

What does “stimulus” mean when referring to response of a cell?

Any activity that triggers a response (action)

What is an example of an internal and external response?

Internal: Hunger = Find food, Thirst = Drink Water

External: Light = Stay awake, Sound = Aware of surroundings

What is “change” when referring to characteristics of an organism?

Natural selection, the process where traits best sorted got environment survive to been offspring

Do unicellular organisms have cell specialization?

No

What is the smallest unit of life?

A cell

What are prokaryotes?

Simple, unicellular organisms, no membrane bound organelles with no nucleus or organelles

Are all prokaryotes bacteria?

Yes

What are eukaryotes?

Complex organisms that can be uni or multicellular. Contains organelles surrounded by membranes (includes the nucleus)

What is a unicellular organism?

Has only one cell, can be prokaryote or eukaryote, one cell carries out all functions, no cell specialization

What is a multicellular organism?

More than one cell, cells develop differently through cell differentiation, therefore they have appearances that suit their function

What is cell specialization?

Cells are specialized to perform certain functions

What is the purpose of a neuron (nerve cell), and how is it specialized?

Sends info from one part of the body to another. Very long and thin for this reason

What is the purpose of a red blood cell, and how is it specialized?

Carries oxygen through body, shaped like flat discs to flow easily through blood vessels

What is the purpose of a sperm cell, and how is it specialized?

Fertilizes egg cell, strong tail for quick swimming and distinct head to enter egg cell

What is cell differentiation?

A result of gene expression, a process in which a gene is switched on or off, resulting in different proteins being made

How do your cells perform different tasks even though they share the same DNA?

Cells only use the DNA they need, rest is inactive. ex. skin cells use DNA that codes for melanin, turned off in heart cells because they don’t need melanin