Chapter 1: Global Tapestry + Networks of Exchange

Bhakti

Hindu devotional movement that flourished in the early modern era, emphasizing music, dance, poetry, and rituals as means by which to achieve direct union with the divine.

Sufis

mystical Muslim group that believed they could draw closer to God through prayer, fasting, & simple life

Abbasid Dynasty (750-1258)

From 750-1258 this was the 3rd dyansty of the Islamic Caliphate. They built their capital in Baghdad after overthrowing the Umayyad caliphate.

Mamluks

Under the Islamic system of military slavery, Turkic military slaves who formed an important part of the armed forces of the Abbasid Caliphate of the ninth and tenth centuries. Mamluks eventually founded their own state, ruling Egypt and Syria (1250-1517)

Middle Ages (500-1500)

Also known as the medieval period, the time between the collapse of the Roman Empire in the fifth century AD and the beginning of the Renaissance in the fourteenth century.

Feudalism

A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land

Vassals

lesser lords who pledged their service and loyalty to a greater lord -- in a military capacity

Fiefs

pieces of land given to vassals by their lord

Manors

Large farm estates of the Middle Ages that were owned by nobles who ruled over the peasants living in the land

Code of chivalry (~1170-1220)

a code of behavior that governed the aspect of all knights behavior

Primogeniture

right of inheritance belongs exclusively to the eldest son

William the Conquerer (1028-1087)

Invaded England from Normandy in 1066; extended tight feudal system to England; established administrative system based on sheriffs; established centralized monarchy.

Magna Carta (1215)

a document constituting a fundamental guarantee of rights and privileges.

Bourbons

Another powerful family in the south and west of France. In league with the Montmorency-Chatillon, the Bourbons supported the Huguenot protesters to battle the Guises for political reasons.

Hundred Years' War (1337-1453)

War between France and Britain, lasted 116 years, mostly a time of peace, but it was punctuated by times of brutal violence (1337 to 1453)

Spanish Inquisition (1478-1834)

An organization of priests in Spain that looked for and punished anyone suspected of secretly practicing their old religion instead of Roman Catholicism.

Tatars

Mongols who conquered Russian cities during the 13th century; left Russian church and aristocracy intact.

Ivan the Terrible (1530-1584)

(1530-1584) earned his nickname for his great acts of cruelty directed toward all those with whom he disagreed, even killing his own son. He became the first ruler to assume the title Czar of all Russia.

Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)

Succeeded Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted huge trade expeditions to southern Asia and elsewhere, but later concentrated efforts on internal development within China.

Shogun

In feudal Japan, a noble similar to a duke. They were the military commanders and the actual rulers of Japan for many centuries while the Emperor was a powerless spiritual figure.

Daimyo

A Japanese feudal lord who commanded a private army of samurai

Code of Bushido (similar to Code of Chivalry) (~1185-1333)

"The Way of the Warrior". Samurai Code of Conduct: Loyalty, Bravery, Honor. Those who broke the Code had to commit ritual suicide called Seppuku.

Delhi Sultanate (1206-1520)

The first Islamic government established within India from 1206-1520. Controled a small area of northern India and was centered in Delhi.

Rajput Kingdoms (~500-1100s)

set of kingdoms in India that arose after the fall of the Gupta dynasty

were hundreds of kingdoms ruled by land owning Kshatriyas.

wealthy due to trade and a good economy.

Hindu beliefs and this is when the practice of sati began, as well as purdah (the separation of women from society).

Khmer Empire (802-1431)

The most powerful and longest-lasting kingdom on the mainland of southwest Asia, centering in what is today Cambodia.

Angor Wat

Extensive city-and temple complexes at the capital of Khmer. One of the world's greatest architectural achievements.

Hausa

West African people who lived in several city-states of what is now northern Nigeria

Tenochtitlan

Capital of the Aztec Empire, located on an island in Lake Texcoco. Its population was about 150,000 on the eve of Spanish conquest. Mexico City was constructed on its ruins.

Hanseatic League (~1241-1600s)

An economic and defensive alliance of the free towns in northern Germany, founded about 1241 and most powerful in the fourteenth century.

Crusades (1096-1270)

A series of holy wars from 1096-1270 AD undertaken by European Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim rule.

Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274)

(Roman Catholic Church) Italian theologian and Doctor of the Church who is remembered for his attempt to reconcile faith and reason in a comprehensive theology

Genghis Khan (1162-1227)

A Mongolian general and emperor of the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries, known for his military leadership and great cruelty. He conquered vast portions of northern China and southwestern Asia.

Golden Horde (1240s-1502)

Mongol khanate founded by Genghis Khan's. It was based in southern Russia and quickly adopted both the Turkic language and Islam. Also known as the Kipchak Horde.