SEM 2 chapter 22 intro to cardio Quiz 1

What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?

To supply oxygen-rich blood to body cells.

What is ATP?

Adenosine triphosphate, vital for cellular metabolism.

How does hemoglobin function in the cardiovascular system?

It binds and releases oxygen in the blood.

What is the role of the cardiovascular system in eliminating CO2?

Transports CO2 to the lungs for exhalation.

How do kidneys contribute to cardiovascular health?

They filter blood to remove toxins and excess substances.

What is the leading cause of death in the U.S.?

Heart disease.

What was the annual death toll from heart disease in the U.S. in 2020?

Over 697,000 deaths.

What are some strategies for cardiovascular disease prevention?

Lifestyle modifications including diet and exercise.

What is sarcopenia?

Loss of muscle mass and function due to aging or inactivity.

How does aging affect cardiovascular tissue?

Natural degeneration, including stiffening of blood vessels.

What is the Framingham Risk Score used for?

Risk assessment for cardiovascular disease.

What impact does smoking have on heart health?

It contributes to atherosclerosis.

What is the interventricular septum's function?

It separates the right and left ventricles, preventing blood mixing.

How long does a complete cardiac cycle take at rest?

About 0.8 seconds.

What are coronary arteries responsible for?

Supplying oxygenated blood to the heart muscle.

What happens during diastole?

The heart's chambers relax and fill with blood.

What is the role of the SA node?

It is the primary pacemaker of the heart.

How do sympathetic nerves affect heart rate?

They release norepinephrine to increase heart rate.

What do baroreceptors detect?

Changes in blood pressure.

What is cardiac output?

The amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute.

What is the average stroke volume in an adult?

Approximately 70 mL per contraction.

What are some diagnostic tests for cardiovascular assessment?

ECG, lab tests (troponin, etc.), imaging methods (MRI, echocardiography).

What is one of the complications to monitor post-procedure?

Signs of bleeding or infection.

What dietary components are essential for a heart-healthy diet?

Low sodium and high fiber.

What impacts can chronic diseases have on cardiac output?

They can lower it through various mechanisms.

How do exercise and physical activity contribute to cardiovascular health?

They improve heart rate and stroke volume.

What is the significance of family history in cardiovascular health?

It helps assess genetic predispositions to heart disease.

What role do electrolytes play in cardiac function?

They are crucial for proper electrical conduction and muscle function.

What are Purkinje fibers' function in the heart?

They conduct impulses throughout the ventricles for synchronized contraction.

How does hypertension affect the cardiovascular system?

It increases workload on the heart and can lead to heart failure.

What is the consequence of elevated CO2 levels on heart function?

It can lead to respiratory depression and altered heart function.

What is one preventive measure to avoid cardiac issues?

Engaging in regular physical activity, recommended at least 150 minutes weekly.