Introduction to History and the Magellan-Elcano Expedition

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering the basics of historiography, auxiliary sciences of history, and the key details of the Magellan-Elcano expedition as recorded in lecture notes.

Historia

The Greek word for history.

Mantra of History

No document, no history.

Historiography

The history of history.

School of Thoughts

People who share common characteristics.

Positivism

A school of thought requiring empirical and observable evidence, prevalent in the $18^{th}$ and $19^{th}$ Century.

Postcolonialism

A school of thought from the early $20^{th}$ century focused on societies understanding themselves against the shadow of their decolonial past.

Historian

Someone who professionally researches, teaches, and writes about past events.

Historical Methodology

The process by which historians gather evidence and formulate ideas about the past.

Palacogtaphy

The study of historical handwriting.

Diplomatics

The study of creation.

Chronology

The study of publications.

Epigraphy

The study of inscriptions or epigraphs.

Historical Geography

Geographic study related to history.

Codicology

The study of codices or manuscript books.

Numas matics

The study of coins.

Sphragistics

The study of seals.

Heraldry

The study of weapons and armorial bearings.

Annales

A style of historiography developed by French Historians concerned with Social History.

Lucien Febyre

A French historian who established the Annales.

Marc Bloch

A founding member of the Annales group.

Fernand Braudel

A member of the Annales group.

Tacaves Le Goff

A proponent and continuator of Annales style historiography.

Primary Sources

Sources produced at the same time as the event.

Secondary Sources

Sources which were produced by an author.

External Criticism

The practice of verifying the authenticity of evidence.

Internal Criticism

The examination of the truthfulness of the evidence.

Zeus Salasaí

Introduced the new guiding principle for writing and teaching history known as Pantayong Pananaw.

Pantayong Pananaw

The new guiding principle for writing and teaching history introduced by Zeus Salasaí.

Francisco Antonio Pigafetta

A famous Italian writer and chronicler during the expedition.

3 Gs

God, Glory, and Gold.

Expedition Ships

The five ships were San Antonio, Santiago, San Antonio, Concepcion, Trinidad, and Victona.

Victoria

The only ship of the expedition that survived.

Lapulapu

The chief who refused to obey the king of Spain and fought in the Battle of Mactan.

Mazua (Limasawa)

The location where the first Mass in the Philippines was held.

Ferdinand Magellan

The Portuguese explorer who led the first expedition to circumnavigate the world.

Juan Sebastian Elcano

The person who took over the expedition after Magellan's death.

Raja Humabon

The Chief or Raja who was baptized into Christianity.

Magallanes-Elcano expedition

The expedition that occurred between $1519$ to $1522$.

Enrique

The personal slave and interpreter of Magellan.

Arrow Poison

The weapon that caused the death of Magellan.

March 16, 1521

The date of the arrival in Samar.

March 31, 1521

The date of the first Mass in the Philippines.

April 07, 1521

The date of arrival in Zubu.

April 14, 1521

The date the image of the Child Jesus was given.

April 27, 1521

The date of the Battle of Mactan and the death of Magellan, involving $49$ men under Magellan and $1500$ men under Lapu-Lapu.