Forelimb nerology

CNS

Parts housed within axial skeleton

PNS

Spinal nerves and cranial nerves (peripheral nerves)

Autonomic nervous system

Regulated by the hypothalamus (Involuntary)

Afferent vs. Efferent

Sensory vs. Motor

Afferent

Impulses from the periphery to the CNS

Efferent

Impulses from the CNS to periphery

Somatic

impulses carried to/from skeletal muscle, skin, and bones

Visceral

Impulses carried to/from smooth muscles, cardiac, and glads

Somatosensory

Sensation of pain or touch

Somatomotor

Motor to skeletal muscle

Viscerosensory

Visceral(organ) pain

Visceromotor

Motor to viscera: smooth muscle, glands, cardiac muscle

Spinal cord regions

C1-C5, cervical enlargement, T3-L3, lumboscaral enlargement, caudal

What spinal segments gives way to the brachial plexus

Cervical enlargement

Dorsal root

Afferent fibers carrying sensory information to the spinal cord

Ventral root

Efferent fibers carrying motor information to the body

Dorsal branch

innervates epaxial muscles and skin

Ventral brach

innervates Hypatia muscles and skin

Dorsal/Ventral roots vs. branches

Roots: originate from spinal cord segment

Branches: originate from spinal nerves

Brachial plexus definition

Composed of branches of C6-T2 spinal nerves, which recombine to form 12 peripheral nerves

Can nerves supply both motor and sensory nerves to a muscle?

Yes they can work both ways

What are some neurological deficits that occur with brachial plexus avulsion

Flaccid paralysis

Rapid muscle atrophy

Lack of sensation

Loss of cutaneous trunci reflexes

Signs of radial nerve paralysis

Loss of function and feeling in triceps/extensor compartment

No cubital joint movement

Muscle atrophy Lack

Dragging of limb

Cranial pectoral nerve function

Motor and sensory to superficial pectoral

Caudal pectoral nerve functions

Motor and sensory of deep pectoral

Lateral thoracic nerve functions

Motor and sensory of cutaneous trunci

Long thoracic nerve functions

Motor and sensory of Serratus ventralis

Thoracodorsal nerve functions

Motor and sensory to Latissimus dorsi

Suprascapular nerve functions

Motor and sensory of supraspinatus and infraspinatus

Subscapular nerve functions

Motor and sensory of subscapularis

Axillary nerve functions

Motor: Teres major, Teres minor, deltoideus

Sensory: Teres major, Teres minor, Deltodius, and shoulder skin

Musculocutaneous nerve functions

Motor: biceps brachii and brachialis

Sensory: biceps brachii and brachialis and skin of medial antebrachium

Radial nerve functions

Motor: triceps brachii and extensor compartment muscles

Sensory: triceps brachii and extensor compartment muscles and skin of cranial antebrachium + dorsal manus

Median nerve functions

Motor: flexor compartment muscles

Sensory: flexor compartment and skin of palmar manus

Ulnar nerve functions

Motor: flexor compartment muscles

Sensory: flexor compartment muscles and skin of caudal antebrachium and palmar manus

What muscles and nerves are involved with humeral Flexion

Deltoids, Teres major, Teres minor

Axillary nerve

What muscles and nerves are involved in humeral joint extension

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus

Suprascapular nerve

What muscles and nerves are involved in cubital joint Flexion

Brachialis, biceps brachii

Musculocutaneous nerve

What muscles and nerves are involved in cubital, carpal, and digital extensors

Triceps and extensor compartment muscles

Radial nerve

What muscles and nerves are involved with carpal and digital flexors

Flexor compartment muscles

Median and ulnar nerve