Skeletal System

amphiarthroses

slightly movable joints; examples are the ribs and pelvis

amputation

removal of a limb, usually surgically

ankyl/o-

meaning stiff or fused together

appendicular

bones of the appendages and the structures that connect the appendages

arthr/o-

referring to a joint

arthrocentesis

surgical puncture of the joint space with a needle to remove fluid

arthroplasty

surgical repair of a joint

articular cartilage

covers the ends of the epiphysis to provide movement of joints and cushion from shock

ATT PHYS

abbreviation meaning attending physician

axial

includes bones along the the axis, or central line, of the skeleton

bunion

joint swelling at the base of the big toe, caused by inflammation of the bursa

bursa sac

sac containing synovial fluid

calcaneus

heel bone

carp/o-

root word referring to the wrist

carpal bones

bones that make up the wrist

cervical vertebrae

part of the spine that makes up the region of the neck

chondr/o-

root word/combining form meaning cartilage

-clast

suffix meaning to break down or destroy

clavicle

the collarbone

coccyx

bones of the spine that have fused to form the tailbone

compound fracture

broken bone creating a protrusion or break in the skin leading to the site of the fracture

computerized tomography (CT)

process where radiograpic images of a specific section of the body are taken from multiple angles

condyle

knuckle-like process at a joint

cortical bone

compact bone; very dense, hard, and strong; found in shaft of long bones

cost/o-

root and combining form meaning rib

costals

term for the ribs

crani/o-

root and combining form meaning skull

CRIF

abbreviation for closed reduction and internal fixation

diaphysis

shaft of the long bone

diarthroses

freely movable joints; examples are ball-and-socket, hinge, gliding, pivot

dislocation

total displacement of a bone from its joint

DJD

abbreviation for degenerative joint disease

epiphysial plate

an area of cartilage that is continually being replaced; the growth plate

epiphysis

the end of a long bone

ethmoid bone

forms part of the nose, eye socket, and floor of the cranium

false ribs

rib pairs 8-10 which are indirectly attached to the sternum

femur

the thighbone, or upper leg bone; the longest bone in the body

fibula

smaller of the two leg bones; located lateral to the tibia

fissure

deep, narrow, slit-like opening

flat bone

provide a broad surface area for muscle attachement and protect vital organs

floating ribs

ribs 11-12; named because they do not attach to the sternum but to the vertebrae

foramen

passageway for blood vessels and nerves

fossa

shallow pit or cavity in or on a bone

frontal bone

the bone that forms the forehead

gout

form of arthritis in which uric acid builds up in the blood and causes joint swelling and pain

greenstick fracture

an incomplete fracture where the bone is bent or partial broken; typically seen in children

hematopoiesis

term for blood cell production within the bone marrow

humerus

upper arm bone

ilium

broad, blade-shaped bone forming the upper part of the pelvis; associated with the transverse plane

inter-

prefix meaning between

irregular bone

have unusual or complex shape; provide support & protection yet allow flexible movement

ischium

posterior part of the pelvic bone - you sit on it

kyph/o-

root word/combining form meaning humpback

kyphosis

abnormal, outward curvature of the thoracic spine; commonly called humpback

lacrimal bone

make up part of the eye socket

LBP

abbreviation for lower back pain

ligament

atache bone to bone

long bone

thesemake up a majority of the bones of the extremeties

longitudinal fracture

fracture that runs parallel to the long axis of the bone

lord/o-

root word/combining form meaning curve or swayback

lumbar puncture

needle aspriation of spinal canal fluid in the lumbar area; commonly called a spinal tap

lumbar vertebrae

5 vertebrae found in the lower back which are the strongest and largest

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

noninvasive scanning test involving the use of an electromagnetic field and radio waves to visualize soft-tissue structures

mandible

the lower jaw; an irregular bone and the only facial bone able to move

manubrium

upper section of the sternum

maxillary bone

upper jawbone

medullary cavity

hollow center of cortical bone which contains bone marrow

menisc/o

root word/combining form meaning meniscus or cartilage in the knee joint

metacarpal bones

form the bones of the hand

metatarsals

form the bones of the foot

myel/o-

referring to bone marrow or the spinal cord

nasal bone

makes up the bridge of the nose

NSAID

abbreviation for non-steriodal anti-inflammatory drug

oblique fracture

break across the bone at an angle

occipital bone

form the posterior floor and walls of the cranium

ORIF

abbreviation for open reduction and internal fixation

orth/o-

root word/combining form meaning straight

oste/o-

root word/combining form meaning bone

ostealgia

term meaning pain in the bone

osteitis

term meaning inflammation in the bone

osteoblast

bone building cells

osteoclast

cells that break down or resorb bone

osteocyte

mature bone cell

osteopenia

bone deficiency

osteoplasty

surgical correction of bone

osteoporosis

condition of small holes in the bones

Pagets Disease

condition of excessive breakdown of bone and abnormal, enlarged bone formation

palatine bone

posterior part of the hard palate in the mouth

parietal bone

bone tha tforms the roof and upper sides of the cranium

patella

the kneecap

pelvic girdle

this supports the attachement of the lower extremities to the axial skeleton

phalanges

bones that make up the fingers and toes

physi/o-

nature or function

por/o-

meaning opening; passageway; or porus

primary curvature

the convexly curved spine at birth

prosthesis

artificial replacement for a missing body part

pubis

anterior part of the pelvic bone

radius

smaller of the arm bones found on the thumb side of the forearm

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

chronic, systemic disease characterized by inflammation, pain, and stiffness in the joints resulting in crippling deformities

Rickets

condiiton in children where there is abnormal softening of the bone