Forearm and hand

Anterior forearm superficial layer muscles

pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris

Pronator teres origin

Humeral head: common flexor tendon

Ulnar head: coronoid process

Pronator teres insertion

middle of the lateral side of radius

Pronator teres innervation

Median nerve

Pronator teres action

pronation of forearm

humeral head: flexes forearm

Flexor Carpi Radialis origin

common flexor tendon

Flexor carpi radialis insertion

base of the second metacarpal

Flexor carpi radialis innervation

median nerve

Flexor carpi radialis action

Flexion and radial deviation of wrist

Palmaris longus origin

Common flexor tendon

Palmaris longus insertion

Palmar aponeurosis

Palmaris longus innervation

Median nerve

Palmaris longus action

Flexion of wrist

Flexor carpi ulnaris origin

Humeral head: common flexor tendon

Ulnar head: posterior border of proximal ulna

Flexor carpi ulnaris insertion

Pisiform

Flexor carpi ulnaris action

flexion and ulnar deviation of wrist

Anterior forearm intermediate layer muscles

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Flexor digitorum superficialis origin

common flexor tendon, coronoid process of ulna, proximal anterior radius

Flexor digitorum superficialis insertion

Both sides of middle phalanges of the four fingers

Flexor digitorum superficialis innervation

median nerve

Flexor digitorum superficialis action

Flexion of PIP, MP and wrist joints

Anterior forearm deep layer muscles

Flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus

Flexor digitorum profundus origin

proximal portion of medial and anterior ulna & interosseous membrane

Flexor digitorum profundus insertion

Bases of distal phalanges of the four fingers

Flexor digitorum profundus innervation

Medial 1/2: Ulnar nerve

Lateral 1/2: Median nerve

Flexor digitorum profundus action

Flexion of DIP, PIP, MP, and wrist joints

Flexor pollicis longus origin

Middle of anterior radius and interosseous membrane

Flexor pollicis longus insertion

Base of distal phalanx of thumb

Flexor pollicis longus innervation

Median nerve

Flexor pollicis longus action

Flexion of IP, MP, CMC joints of the thumb, and wrist flexion

Pronator quadratus origin

Distal anterior surface of ulna

Pronator quadratus insertion

Distal anterolateral surface of radius

Pronator quadratus innervation

Median nerve

Pronator quadratus action

Pronation of forearm

Hand intrinsics: Thenar (thumb) muscles

Abductor pollicis brevis, Flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis, Adductor pollicis

Abductor pollicis brevis origin

Flexor retinaculum, scaphoid, and trapezium

Abductor pollicis brevis insertion

Radial side - base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Abductor pollicis brevis innervation

Median nerve (reccurent branch)

Abductor pollicis brevis action

Abduction of thumb

Flexor pollicis brevis origin

Flexor retinaculum, scaphoid, and trapezium

Flexor pollicis brevis insertion

Radial side - base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Flexor pollicis brevis innervation

Median nerve (recurrent branch)

Flexor pollicis brevis action

Flexion of MP and CMC joints of thumb

Opponens pollicis origin

Flexor retinaculum, scaphoid, trapezium

Opponens pollicis insertion

Radial side - shaft of 1st metacarpal

Opponens pollicis innervation

Median nerve (recurrent branch)

Opponens pollicis action

Opposition of thumb

Adductor pollicis origin

Oblique head: base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals; capitate

Transverse head: Shaft of 3rd metacarpal

Adductor pollicis insertion

Ulnar side - base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Adductor pollicis innervation

Ulnar nerve

Adductor pollicis action

Adduction of thumb

Intrinsics: Hypothenar (little finger) and deep muscles

Abductor digiti minimi, Flexor digiti minimi brevis, Opponens digiti minimi, Lumbricals (4), Palmar interossei (3), Dorsal interossei (4)

Abductor digiti minimi origin

Pisiform

Abductor digiti minimi insertion

Ulnar side of base of proximal phalanx of little finger

Abductor digiti minimi innervation

ulnar nerve

Abductor digiti minimi action

Abduction of little finger

Flexor digiti minimi brevis origin

Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum

Flexor digiti minimi brevis insertion

Ulnar side of base of proximal phalanx of little finger

Flexor digiti minimi brevis innervation

Ulnar nerve

Flexor digiti minimi brevis action

Flexion of MP joint of little finger

Opponens digiti minimi origin

Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum

Opponens digiti minimi insertion

Ulnar side of 5th metacarpal

Opponens digiti minimi innervation

Ulnar nerve

Opponens digiti minimi action

Opposition of little finger

Lumbricals (4) origin

Radial side of tendons of flexor digitiorum profundus

Lumbricals (4) insertion

Radial side extensor expansions

Lumbricals (4) innervation

Lateral 2: median nerve

Medial 2: ulnar nerve

Lumbricals (4) action

Flexion of MP and extension of PIP and DIP joints of 4 fingers

Palmar interossei (3) origin

Palmar surfaces of metacarpals 2, 4, and 5

palmar interossei (3) insertion

Extensor expansions and bases of proximal phalanges of digits 2, 4 and 5

Palmar interossei (3) innervation

Ulnar nerve

Palmar interossei (3) action

Adduction of index, ring, and little fingers; MP flexion, DIP and PIP extension

Dorsal Interossei (4) origin

Adjacent sides of metacarpals

Dorsal interossei (4) insertion

Extensor expansions and bases of proximal phalanges of digits 2-4

Dorsal interossei (4) innervation

Ulnar nerve

Dorsal interossei (4) action

Abduction of index, long, and ring fingers; MP flexion; DIP and PIP extension

Posterior forearm: superficial layer muscles

brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris

Brachioradialis origin

lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

Brachioradialis insertion

lateral side of distal radius

Brachioradialis innervation

Radial nerve

Brachioradialis action

Flexion of forearm

Extensor carpi radialis longus origin

Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

Extensor carpi radialis longus insertion

base of second metacarpal

Extensor carpi radialis longus innervation

radial nerve

Extensor carpi radialis longus action

extension and radial deviation of wrist

Extensor carpi radialis brevis origin

common extensor tendon

Extensor carpi radialis brevis insertion

base of third metacarpal

Extensor carpi radialis brevis innervation

radial nerve

Extensor carpi radialis brevis action

Extension of wrist

Extensor digitorum origin

common extensor tendon

Extensor digitorum insertion

extensor expansions of four fingers

Extensor digitorum innervation

radial nerve

Extensor digitorum action

Extension of DIP, PIP, MP and wrist joints

Extensor digiti minimi origin

common extensor tendon

Extensor digiti minimi insertion

extensor expansions of little finger

Extensor digiti minimi innervation

radial nerve

extensor digiti minimi action

extension of DIP, PIP, and MP joints of little finger

extensor carpi ulnaris origin

common extensor tendon and posterior border of ulna

extensor carpi ulnaris insertion

base of fifth metacarpal

extensor carpi ulnaris innervation

radial nerve