groups and teams

tuckman’s model

team development

forming

storming

norming

performing

forming definition

short, temporary period of time

interpersonal

bonding

it is about the assessment of strengths

fitting in

storming definition

power struggle begins

period of potential conflict

status development

role development - amongst the team

conflict resolution

• end of this stage leads to a loss of participants

norming definition

settling down phase

stabilisation

focus on team goals

conventions - going out together

increased cohesion

increases cooperation

storming definition

increased role awareness

increased understanding

development of intuition

steiner’s model of group productivity

actual productivity = potential productivity - losses due to faulty processes

losses

social loafing

ringlemann effect

social loafing

motivational losses, if people dont try there will be a decrease in performance

• being lazy

• opting out

• hiding

• weak leadership

• no accountability

ringlemann effect

coordination loss, tactical weakness

• technical losses

• more common in larger teams

• common with complex skills, lots of decision making

how to prevent social loafing

leader should set high standards

must introduce accountability - use of trackers

should set individual goals

notable analysis

punish low motivation

use drive reduction theory - stresses the importance of resetting goals

how to prevent ringlemann effect

clear team and individual goals

achieve near transfer - practice like the competition

build teams within teams - e.g. attackers/defenders

want over-learning of set plays

coach should select cohesive teams - don’t have to pick the best 11 players

lots of videos playback

reinforce success

strategies to promote group cohesion

provide clear roles - individual coaching

team building - encourages groups to interact and go through challanges together

evaluate individual performances - avoids social loafing

punishments - don’t select them, could cause serious implications

select teams not individuals - select the most cohesive group

set team goals - process, reduce the ringlemann effect

practice set plays - reducing the ringlemann effect

strong leadership

reinforce team success - not just individuals