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1
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Stanford - Binet (SB5)
what does this test measure?
* intelligence
\
theoretical background?
* first version started in 1900 by Goddard, revised and popularized by professor Terman
* Termand introduced the IQ (1916)
\
target group?
* children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities or “gifted” children
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\+ uses routing procedure to assess general cognitive abilities before proceeding (saves time without losing precision)
\+ high reliability
\+ supported validity
\+ new version is good for high and low scorers, the extreme
\
subscales?
* each subcomponent is verbal and nonverbal
* fluid reasoning, quantitative reasoning, knowledge, visual spatial processing, working memory
\
10 subtests, 10 subtest scores
verbal, non verbal, and full IQ scores attained
* intelligence
\
theoretical background?
* first version started in 1900 by Goddard, revised and popularized by professor Terman
* Termand introduced the IQ (1916)
\
target group?
* children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities or “gifted” children
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\+ uses routing procedure to assess general cognitive abilities before proceeding (saves time without losing precision)
\+ high reliability
\+ supported validity
\+ new version is good for high and low scorers, the extreme
\
subscales?
* each subcomponent is verbal and nonverbal
* fluid reasoning, quantitative reasoning, knowledge, visual spatial processing, working memory
\
10 subtests, 10 subtest scores
verbal, non verbal, and full IQ scores attained
2
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Army Alpha
what does this test measure?
* intelligence
\
theoretical background?
* devised by Otis and Yerkes as group intelligence tests for army soldiers in WWI
* influential for subsequent intelligence testing
\
target group?
* army recruits
* English speaking
* varying IQ levels
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\+ first group IQ test
\+ lots of practice material for future tests
\+ influenced many tests
\- low validity
\- unclear instructions
\- bad testing environment
\
subscales?
* following oral directions
* arithmetical reasoning
* practical judgement
* synonym antonym pairs
* disarranged sentences
* number series completion
* analogies
* information
* intelligence
\
theoretical background?
* devised by Otis and Yerkes as group intelligence tests for army soldiers in WWI
* influential for subsequent intelligence testing
\
target group?
* army recruits
* English speaking
* varying IQ levels
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\+ first group IQ test
\+ lots of practice material for future tests
\+ influenced many tests
\- low validity
\- unclear instructions
\- bad testing environment
\
subscales?
* following oral directions
* arithmetical reasoning
* practical judgement
* synonym antonym pairs
* disarranged sentences
* number series completion
* analogies
* information
3
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Army Beta
what does this test measure?
* intelligence
\
theoretical background?
* devised by Otis and Yerkes as group intelligence tests for army soldiers in WWI
* influential for subsequent intelligence testing
\
target group?
* army recruits
* non-English speaking
* illiterate
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\+ not much verbal explanation needed
\+ influenced many tests afterwards
\+ higher test taking accessibility
\- unclear instructions
\- low validity
\- bad testing environment
\
subscales?
* visual/perceptual
* motor tests
* intelligence
\
theoretical background?
* devised by Otis and Yerkes as group intelligence tests for army soldiers in WWI
* influential for subsequent intelligence testing
\
target group?
* army recruits
* non-English speaking
* illiterate
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\+ not much verbal explanation needed
\+ influenced many tests afterwards
\+ higher test taking accessibility
\- unclear instructions
\- low validity
\- bad testing environment
\
subscales?
* visual/perceptual
* motor tests
4
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WAIS Wechsler Intelligence Scale
what does this test measure?
* intelligence of adults
* measures mental age (attained IQ/IQ expected for age = mental age IQ) M=100, SD=15
\
theoretical background?
* invented by Wechsler, inspired by Binet and the Army Alpha
* used to be a combination of already available tests
* comparison sample of this version is normal, healthy adults
\
target group?
* adults
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\+ exceptional reliability and good validity
\+ reduced emphasis on speed, higher emphasis on accuracy
\+ IQ score is age dependent
\+ added performance items to balance verbal items
\- low reliability for subscales
\
subscales?
* verbal comprehension
* information
* vocabulary
* similarities
* perceptual reasoning
* matrix reasoning
* block design
* visual puzzles
* working memory
* digit span
* arithmetic
* processing speed
* symbol search
* coding
* picture completion
* intelligence of adults
* measures mental age (attained IQ/IQ expected for age = mental age IQ) M=100, SD=15
\
theoretical background?
* invented by Wechsler, inspired by Binet and the Army Alpha
* used to be a combination of already available tests
* comparison sample of this version is normal, healthy adults
\
target group?
* adults
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\+ exceptional reliability and good validity
\+ reduced emphasis on speed, higher emphasis on accuracy
\+ IQ score is age dependent
\+ added performance items to balance verbal items
\- low reliability for subscales
\
subscales?
* verbal comprehension
* information
* vocabulary
* similarities
* perceptual reasoning
* matrix reasoning
* block design
* visual puzzles
* working memory
* digit span
* arithmetic
* processing speed
* symbol search
* coding
* picture completion
5
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WISC Wechsler Intelligence Scales
what does this test measure?
* intelligence of adults
* measures mental age (attained IQ/IQ expected for age = mental age IQ) M=100, SD=15
\
theoretical background?
* invented by Wechsler, inspired by Binet and the Army Alpha
* used to be a combination of already available tests
* comparison sample of this version is to 5.7% of children with problems like learning difficulties, head injuries, or autism
\
target group?
* children
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\+ strong reliability
\+ strong validity
\
subscales:
* Verbal comprehension
* vocabulary
* similarities
* perceptual reasoning
* matrix reasoning
* block design
* working memory
* processing speed
* symbol search
* coding
* extra = picture concepts, letter-number sequencing
\
13-15 subtests, M = 10, \`SD = 3
\
* intelligence of adults
* measures mental age (attained IQ/IQ expected for age = mental age IQ) M=100, SD=15
\
theoretical background?
* invented by Wechsler, inspired by Binet and the Army Alpha
* used to be a combination of already available tests
* comparison sample of this version is to 5.7% of children with problems like learning difficulties, head injuries, or autism
\
target group?
* children
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\+ strong reliability
\+ strong validity
\
subscales:
* Verbal comprehension
* vocabulary
* similarities
* perceptual reasoning
* matrix reasoning
* block design
* working memory
* processing speed
* symbol search
* coding
* extra = picture concepts, letter-number sequencing
\
13-15 subtests, M = 10, \`SD = 3
\
6
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Bayley - III Test
what does this test measure?
* evaluation of developmental delay
* intelligence test
\
theoretical background?
* \
target group?
* children from 1 → 42 mos. (3.5 years)
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\- does not produce standard scores like and IQ
\+ high technical quality
\+ excellent standardization
\+ amazing psychometric properties
\+ high internal consistency and supported validity
\
subscales?
* 5:
* cognitive scale
* language scale (expressive + receptive)
* motor scales (socio-emotional scales)
* adaptive behaviors scales
* evaluation of developmental delay
* intelligence test
\
theoretical background?
* \
target group?
* children from 1 → 42 mos. (3.5 years)
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\- does not produce standard scores like and IQ
\+ high technical quality
\+ excellent standardization
\+ amazing psychometric properties
\+ high internal consistency and supported validity
\
subscales?
* 5:
* cognitive scale
* language scale (expressive + receptive)
* motor scales (socio-emotional scales)
* adaptive behaviors scales
7
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WPPSI Test Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence
what does this test measure?
* intelligence level in children
\
theoretical background?
* \
target group?
* children aged 2 yrs. 6 mos. → 7 yrs. 7 mos.
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\+ good quality, based on other Wechsler tests
\+ child-friendly stimuli
\
subscales?
* standard is 10 subtests, but 6 (below) are needed for a full IQ
* 5 primary index scales
* verbal comprehension (information, similarities)
* visual spatial (block design)
* fluid reasoning (matrix reasoning)
* working memory (picture memory?)
* processing speed (bug search)
* intelligence level in children
\
theoretical background?
* \
target group?
* children aged 2 yrs. 6 mos. → 7 yrs. 7 mos.
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\+ good quality, based on other Wechsler tests
\+ child-friendly stimuli
\
subscales?
* standard is 10 subtests, but 6 (below) are needed for a full IQ
* 5 primary index scales
* verbal comprehension (information, similarities)
* visual spatial (block design)
* fluid reasoning (matrix reasoning)
* working memory (picture memory?)
* processing speed (bug search)
8
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Stanford-Binet for early Childhood
what does this test measure?
* intelligence scale for children
\
theoretical background?
* \
target group?
* children aged 2 → 7 years (age range with very high distractibility)
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\+ uses routing procedure to assess general cognitive abilities before proceeding (saves time without losing precision)
\+ high reliability
\+ supported validity
\+ test observation checklist informs about relevant behaviors during examination (distractibility)
\
subscales?
* characteristics: traits found in various situations
* specific behaviors: actually observed during testing
* parent report
* intelligence scale for children
\
theoretical background?
* \
target group?
* children aged 2 → 7 years (age range with very high distractibility)
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\+ uses routing procedure to assess general cognitive abilities before proceeding (saves time without losing precision)
\+ high reliability
\+ supported validity
\+ test observation checklist informs about relevant behaviors during examination (distractibility)
\
subscales?
* characteristics: traits found in various situations
* specific behaviors: actually observed during testing
* parent report
9
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Leiter Test
what does this test measure?
* nonverbal intelligence
\
theoretical background?
* used as an instrument for hearing or speech impaired people
\
target group?
* 2-20 yrs. 11 mos.
* non-english speaking, brain injury, autism, speech impairment, hearing problems, ADHD, giftedness, impoverished, lack of education, etc.
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\+ not a single word is needed to conduct this test
\+ high validity and reliability
\+ no evidence of bias
\+ obtains a composite IQ score (M = 100, SD = 15)
\
subscales?
* match small cards according to illustrations on a display, is not timed
* 20 subtests that are sorted into 2 batteries
* visualization and reasoning
* matching, figure ground test, paper folding, figure rotation
* memory and attention
* memory span, spatial memory, associative memory, delayed recognition memory
* nonverbal intelligence
\
theoretical background?
* used as an instrument for hearing or speech impaired people
\
target group?
* 2-20 yrs. 11 mos.
* non-english speaking, brain injury, autism, speech impairment, hearing problems, ADHD, giftedness, impoverished, lack of education, etc.
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\+ not a single word is needed to conduct this test
\+ high validity and reliability
\+ no evidence of bias
\+ obtains a composite IQ score (M = 100, SD = 15)
\
subscales?
* match small cards according to illustrations on a display, is not timed
* 20 subtests that are sorted into 2 batteries
* visualization and reasoning
* matching, figure ground test, paper folding, figure rotation
* memory and attention
* memory span, spatial memory, associative memory, delayed recognition memory
10
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The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
what does this test measure?
* projective test
* designed to access constructs of **needs, press** (influence of your environment) and **personality** through interpretations of stories told about ambiguous pictures
\
theoretical background?
* developed by Henry Murray
* based on idea that needs organize perception, thought and action
* Alpha press = real forces
* Beta press = subjective forces
\
target group?
* everyone
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\+ can be helpful for understanding certain conditions
\- no standardized procedures (more method than test)
\- low reliability
\- 97% of users apply subjective criteria
\- likely to over-diagnose
\
subscales?
* 30 picture with one or more people engaged in ambiguous activities
* 20 cards per exam
* participant has to make up a dramatic story for each picture (what happened before, during, and after, what were the people feeling in that moment)
* critical that the participant identifies the protagonist of the picture
* projective test
* designed to access constructs of **needs, press** (influence of your environment) and **personality** through interpretations of stories told about ambiguous pictures
\
theoretical background?
* developed by Henry Murray
* based on idea that needs organize perception, thought and action
* Alpha press = real forces
* Beta press = subjective forces
\
target group?
* everyone
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\+ can be helpful for understanding certain conditions
\- no standardized procedures (more method than test)
\- low reliability
\- 97% of users apply subjective criteria
\- likely to over-diagnose
\
subscales?
* 30 picture with one or more people engaged in ambiguous activities
* 20 cards per exam
* participant has to make up a dramatic story for each picture (what happened before, during, and after, what were the people feeling in that moment)
* critical that the participant identifies the protagonist of the picture
11
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The Draw-A-Person Test
what does this test measure?
* projective test that measures personality
\
theoretical background?
* designed by Machover, said that examinees were likely to project acceptable impulses onto the same-sex figure and unacceptable impulses onto the opposite sex figure
* thought that size of parts of the figure could determine sexual orientation
* generally bad psychometric properties
* good for assessment of children with behavior disorders
\
target group?
* everyone, but usually used on children
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\- not valid
\- not empirically supported
\- not predictive of intelligence
\- not good for inferring nuances of personality
\+ good for assessing children with behavior disorders or emotional disturbances
\
subscales?
* draw one figure with a pencil and eraser
* draw a person of the opposite sex
* make up a story line about a novel character
* projective test that measures personality
\
theoretical background?
* designed by Machover, said that examinees were likely to project acceptable impulses onto the same-sex figure and unacceptable impulses onto the opposite sex figure
* thought that size of parts of the figure could determine sexual orientation
* generally bad psychometric properties
* good for assessment of children with behavior disorders
\
target group?
* everyone, but usually used on children
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\- not valid
\- not empirically supported
\- not predictive of intelligence
\- not good for inferring nuances of personality
\+ good for assessing children with behavior disorders or emotional disturbances
\
subscales?
* draw one figure with a pencil and eraser
* draw a person of the opposite sex
* make up a story line about a novel character
12
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The House-Tree-Person Test
what does this test measure?
* projective test used to measure personality
* freehand drawings of a house, a tree, and a person
\
theoretical background?
* was first used to assess intelligence levels, now only used as a projective measure of personality
* house = home life
* tree = perception of the environment
* person = interpersonal relationships
\
target group?
* everyone, but usually used on children
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\- many people find the drawings not worth the effort, do not actually put in the work
\- no support for validity or reliability
\- validation research not possible
\+ can help derive hypothesis for further investigation through other tests
\
subscales?
* free drawings of a house, a tree, and a person first with crayons and then with pencils
* then asked 60 questions about aspects of their drawings
* projective test used to measure personality
* freehand drawings of a house, a tree, and a person
\
theoretical background?
* was first used to assess intelligence levels, now only used as a projective measure of personality
* house = home life
* tree = perception of the environment
* person = interpersonal relationships
\
target group?
* everyone, but usually used on children
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\- many people find the drawings not worth the effort, do not actually put in the work
\- no support for validity or reliability
\- validation research not possible
\+ can help derive hypothesis for further investigation through other tests
\
subscales?
* free drawings of a house, a tree, and a person first with crayons and then with pencils
* then asked 60 questions about aspects of their drawings
13
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Kinetic Family Drawing
what does this test measure?
* projective test to assess family dynamics
\
theoretical background?
* used to assess intelligence levels at first
* used as a projective measure of personality
* drawing of a whole family doing something
\
target group?
* children, specifically ones who have survived child abuse
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\- low validity and low reliability
\
subscales?
* drawing of a whole family doing something, examinee is then asked about the drawing and the people in the drawing
* projective test to assess family dynamics
\
theoretical background?
* used to assess intelligence levels at first
* used as a projective measure of personality
* drawing of a whole family doing something
\
target group?
* children, specifically ones who have survived child abuse
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\- low validity and low reliability
\
subscales?
* drawing of a whole family doing something, examinee is then asked about the drawing and the people in the drawing
14
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State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)
what does this test measure?
* self-report measure of anxiety
\
theoretical background?
* differentiates between temporary state and longer lasting trait anxiety
* state anxiety = transitory emotional state that has tension and activation of the ANS
* trait anxiety = stable anxiety
\
target group?
* anyone, usually adolescents → adults
* used in research and clinical settings
\
strengths and weaknesses
\+ many fields of application
\+ high internal consistency
\+ well established validity
* 0.5 reliability for state anxiety
* 0.8 reliability for trait anxiety
\
subscales?
* state scale:
* 20 items about how respondent feels at that moment
* trait scale:
* 20 items about how respondent feels generally
* 4 point scale, between 20 and 80, the higher the score the more anxious you are
* self-report measure of anxiety
\
theoretical background?
* differentiates between temporary state and longer lasting trait anxiety
* state anxiety = transitory emotional state that has tension and activation of the ANS
* trait anxiety = stable anxiety
\
target group?
* anyone, usually adolescents → adults
* used in research and clinical settings
\
strengths and weaknesses
\+ many fields of application
\+ high internal consistency
\+ well established validity
* 0.5 reliability for state anxiety
* 0.8 reliability for trait anxiety
\
subscales?
* state scale:
* 20 items about how respondent feels at that moment
* trait scale:
* 20 items about how respondent feels generally
* 4 point scale, between 20 and 80, the higher the score the more anxious you are
15
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Eysenck Personality Questionnaire
what does this test measure?
* major dimensions of normal and abnormal personality
\
theoretical background?
* derived through factor analysis, found out three major personality dimensions:
* psychoticism (high P = aggressive, hostile, antisocial)
* extraversion (high E = loud, gregarious, outgoing)
* neuroticism (high N = nervous, maladjusted, emotional)
\
target group?
* test for everyone 16 and older
* test for everyone 7 → 15 years
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\+ good reliability and construct validity
\+ strong psychometric properties
\
subscales?
* three scales:
* psychoticism (P)
* extraversion (E)
* neuroticism (N)
* to check validity of answers there is a lie (L) scale
* 90 yes/no questions for adults
* ages 7-15 has 80 questions
* major dimensions of normal and abnormal personality
\
theoretical background?
* derived through factor analysis, found out three major personality dimensions:
* psychoticism (high P = aggressive, hostile, antisocial)
* extraversion (high E = loud, gregarious, outgoing)
* neuroticism (high N = nervous, maladjusted, emotional)
\
target group?
* test for everyone 16 and older
* test for everyone 7 → 15 years
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\+ good reliability and construct validity
\+ strong psychometric properties
\
subscales?
* three scales:
* psychoticism (P)
* extraversion (E)
* neuroticism (N)
* to check validity of answers there is a lie (L) scale
* 90 yes/no questions for adults
* ages 7-15 has 80 questions
16
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Behavioral Avoidance Test (BAT)
what does this test measure?
* measures how long a person can tolerate anxiety inducing stimuli
\
theoretical background?
* based on the reasoning that it is mainly the fear of a person which determines their subsequent behaviors
* exposure based test
\
target group?
* people undergoing exposure-based treatment
* used a lot for phobias
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\- clients responses are often influenced by demand characteristics (situation specific) and therefore are not generalizable
\+ strongly correlated with self-reports of catastrophic thoughts
\
subscales?
* test how far a client is willing to go in a fear-related situation
* if they are afraid of spiders, points are given for each step they take towards touching a spider (for example, 3 points for walking towards it, 6 points for opening the container it is in, etc.)
\
* measures how long a person can tolerate anxiety inducing stimuli
\
theoretical background?
* based on the reasoning that it is mainly the fear of a person which determines their subsequent behaviors
* exposure based test
\
target group?
* people undergoing exposure-based treatment
* used a lot for phobias
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\- clients responses are often influenced by demand characteristics (situation specific) and therefore are not generalizable
\+ strongly correlated with self-reports of catastrophic thoughts
\
subscales?
* test how far a client is willing to go in a fear-related situation
* if they are afraid of spiders, points are given for each step they take towards touching a spider (for example, 3 points for walking towards it, 6 points for opening the container it is in, etc.)
\
17
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Beck Depression Inventory
what does this test measure?
* measure of depression
\
theoretical background?
* focuses on the cognitive distortions that underlie depression
\
target group?
* used in cognitive behavioral therapy
* used for variety of conditions: MD, dysthymia, alcoholism, addiction, mixed problems
* used in primary care
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\+ great internal consistency
\+ no racial bias
\+ high correlations with other measures of depression
\- differential item functioning (old people have less cognitive symptoms, etc.)
\- transparency, can easily hide symptoms
\- low test-retest reliability, but this is due to fluctuations in depression levels not measurement error
\
subscales?
* 21 items, all scored from 0→3 (highest score is 63)
* 13 items for cognitive and affective components
* 8 items for somatic and performance variables
* total scores norms:
* 0-9 = normal
* 10-19 = mild to moderate depression
* 20-29 = moderate to severe depression
* 30-63 = severe depression
* measure of depression
\
theoretical background?
* focuses on the cognitive distortions that underlie depression
\
target group?
* used in cognitive behavioral therapy
* used for variety of conditions: MD, dysthymia, alcoholism, addiction, mixed problems
* used in primary care
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\+ great internal consistency
\+ no racial bias
\+ high correlations with other measures of depression
\- differential item functioning (old people have less cognitive symptoms, etc.)
\- transparency, can easily hide symptoms
\- low test-retest reliability, but this is due to fluctuations in depression levels not measurement error
\
subscales?
* 21 items, all scored from 0→3 (highest score is 63)
* 13 items for cognitive and affective components
* 8 items for somatic and performance variables
* total scores norms:
* 0-9 = normal
* 10-19 = mild to moderate depression
* 20-29 = moderate to severe depression
* 30-63 = severe depression
18
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Rapid Couples Interaction Scoring System (RCISS)
what does this test measure?
* analogue behavioral assessment for couples’ interaction
* can also be used for parent-child interactions
\
theoretical background?
\
target group?
* couples
* parents and children
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\- does not detect subtle behavior, only obviously observable behavior
\- often low interrater agreement on many dimensions
\- very little test-retest reliability data
\+ often good interrater agreement on general positive or negative affect
\
subscales?
* 22 codes that address speaker-listener behaviors, verbal and nonverbal communication, humor, smiling, disagreement, and compromise
* analogue behavioral assessment for couples’ interaction
* can also be used for parent-child interactions
\
theoretical background?
\
target group?
* couples
* parents and children
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\- does not detect subtle behavior, only obviously observable behavior
\- often low interrater agreement on many dimensions
\- very little test-retest reliability data
\+ often good interrater agreement on general positive or negative affect
\
subscales?
* 22 codes that address speaker-listener behaviors, verbal and nonverbal communication, humor, smiling, disagreement, and compromise
19
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NEO PI-R
neo personality inventory revised
neo personality inventory revised
what does this test measure?
* personality test
\
theoretical background?
* 5-factor model of personality (BIG-5)
\
target group?
* can be used for adolescents, but mostly just used for adults
* used to make portraits of great leaders, letting biographers take the test for dead leaders (?)
* used to detect psychopathology (as a supplementary instrument)
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\+ high internal consistency
\+ lots of evidence for validity
\+ useful for research purposes
\+ added improvements for adolescents and young adults
\- only 3 items assess the validity of respondents answers (assumes honesty)
\- lack of validty scales
\
subscales?
* self report form (S-form) and observer form (R-form)
* 2 parallel forms with 240 items,
* 5 point dimensions (strongly disagree → strongly agree)
* (O.C.E.A.N)
* openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism
* personality test
\
theoretical background?
* 5-factor model of personality (BIG-5)
\
target group?
* can be used for adolescents, but mostly just used for adults
* used to make portraits of great leaders, letting biographers take the test for dead leaders (?)
* used to detect psychopathology (as a supplementary instrument)
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\+ high internal consistency
\+ lots of evidence for validity
\+ useful for research purposes
\+ added improvements for adolescents and young adults
\- only 3 items assess the validity of respondents answers (assumes honesty)
\- lack of validty scales
\
subscales?
* self report form (S-form) and observer form (R-form)
* 2 parallel forms with 240 items,
* 5 point dimensions (strongly disagree → strongly agree)
* (O.C.E.A.N)
* openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism
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Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Teacher Report Form (TRF)
\
(both belong to the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment, ASEBA)
\
(both belong to the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment, ASEBA)
what does this test measure?
* problem behaviors in children with either internalizing or externalizing problems
\
theoretical background?
* a screening tool for problem behaviors, not a diagnostic tool
* gives 3 composite scores:
* internalizing problems
* externalizing problems
* overall problems
\
target group?
* two forms:
* 1. children 2→ 3 years
* 2. children 4→ 18 years
* the TRF is used for children 5→ 18 years
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\+ reliable and valid
\+ 58 languages
\+ intuitive and quick detection of when children fall into the clinical range
\+ omnibus test that measures wide range of abilities/behavioral disorders
\
subscales?
* 2 sections
* activities (competencies, social functioning, schooling)
* problem behaviors w/ clinical subscales
* withdrawn (internalizing scale)
* somatic complaints (internalizing scale)
* anxious/depressed (internalizing scale)
* social problems, thought problems, attention problems
* delinquent problems (externalizing scale)
* aggressive behavior (externalizing scale)
* problem behaviors in children with either internalizing or externalizing problems
\
theoretical background?
* a screening tool for problem behaviors, not a diagnostic tool
* gives 3 composite scores:
* internalizing problems
* externalizing problems
* overall problems
\
target group?
* two forms:
* 1. children 2→ 3 years
* 2. children 4→ 18 years
* the TRF is used for children 5→ 18 years
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\+ reliable and valid
\+ 58 languages
\+ intuitive and quick detection of when children fall into the clinical range
\+ omnibus test that measures wide range of abilities/behavioral disorders
\
subscales?
* 2 sections
* activities (competencies, social functioning, schooling)
* problem behaviors w/ clinical subscales
* withdrawn (internalizing scale)
* somatic complaints (internalizing scale)
* anxious/depressed (internalizing scale)
* social problems, thought problems, attention problems
* delinquent problems (externalizing scale)
* aggressive behavior (externalizing scale)
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Behavioral Assessment For Children
(TRS/PRS) / BASC 2 (TRS/PRS)
(TRS/PRS) / BASC 2 (TRS/PRS)
what does this test measure?
* behavioral assessment of children
\
theoretical background?
* derived from exploratory and confirmatory analysis
target group?
* children from 2 → 21 yrs.
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\+ contains validity scale to detect false responses
\+ contain a fake bad scale (when teachers/parents tend to rate the children high on most dimensions)
\+ assessment of both negative and adaptive behaviors
\+ 3 norm referenced comparisons scales
\
subscales?
* **self-report** scale, **parent rating** scale (assesses parent-child relationship and home environment behavior), **teacher rating** scale (assesses school related behavior), **classroom observation** system, structured **developmental history** scale
* responses: never, sometimes, often, almost always
* 5 composite scales, 16 primary scales, 7 content scales
* Behavioral Symptoms Index (overall level of behavioral problems, gives non-specific index or pathology)
* aggression, attention problems, anxiety, atypicality, depression, and somatization
* 4 lower-order composite scores
* internalizing problems (anxiety + depression + somatization)
* externalizing problems (aggression + conduct problems + hyperactivity)
* school problems (attention problems + learning problems)
* adaptive skills (activities of daily living + adaptability + leadership + social skills + study skills)
* behavioral assessment of children
\
theoretical background?
* derived from exploratory and confirmatory analysis
target group?
* children from 2 → 21 yrs.
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\+ contains validity scale to detect false responses
\+ contain a fake bad scale (when teachers/parents tend to rate the children high on most dimensions)
\+ assessment of both negative and adaptive behaviors
\+ 3 norm referenced comparisons scales
\
subscales?
* **self-report** scale, **parent rating** scale (assesses parent-child relationship and home environment behavior), **teacher rating** scale (assesses school related behavior), **classroom observation** system, structured **developmental history** scale
* responses: never, sometimes, often, almost always
* 5 composite scales, 16 primary scales, 7 content scales
* Behavioral Symptoms Index (overall level of behavioral problems, gives non-specific index or pathology)
* aggression, attention problems, anxiety, atypicality, depression, and somatization
* 4 lower-order composite scores
* internalizing problems (anxiety + depression + somatization)
* externalizing problems (aggression + conduct problems + hyperactivity)
* school problems (attention problems + learning problems)
* adaptive skills (activities of daily living + adaptability + leadership + social skills + study skills)
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Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS)
what does this test measure?
* autism symptoms
\
theoretical background?
* single domain rating scale, should be used following an omnibus scale (following an initial screening)
\
target group?
* Children checked for autism above 2 yrs. old
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\+ can be used in various settings (clinics, schools)
\+ can be given by teachers
\+ good reliability and good validity
\
subscales?
* total score is used to rate on a continuum from non to mild to severe autism
* autism symptoms
\
theoretical background?
* single domain rating scale, should be used following an omnibus scale (following an initial screening)
\
target group?
* Children checked for autism above 2 yrs. old
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\+ can be used in various settings (clinics, schools)
\+ can be given by teachers
\+ good reliability and good validity
\
subscales?
* total score is used to rate on a continuum from non to mild to severe autism
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BASC monitor for ADHD
what does this test measure?
* measures abilities of ADHD children
\
theoretical background?
* assesses primary symptoms of the disorder
* designed to facilitate treatment for those with ADHD
\
target group?
* children aged 4→ 18 yrs. with ADHD
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\+ good reliability and validity
\+ scales for teachers and parents
\
subscales?
* rating scales for teachers and parents
* 4 scales:
* attention problems
* hyperactivity
* internalizing problems
* adaptive skills
* measures abilities of ADHD children
\
theoretical background?
* assesses primary symptoms of the disorder
* designed to facilitate treatment for those with ADHD
\
target group?
* children aged 4→ 18 yrs. with ADHD
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\+ good reliability and validity
\+ scales for teachers and parents
\
subscales?
* rating scales for teachers and parents
* 4 scales:
* attention problems
* hyperactivity
* internalizing problems
* adaptive skills
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Connors Rating Scale for ADHD
what does this test measure?
* ADHD
\
theoretical background?
* designed to be one piece in the diagnostic process, not a clinical tool itself
\
target group?
* \
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\
subscales?
* ADHD
\
theoretical background?
* designed to be one piece in the diagnostic process, not a clinical tool itself
\
target group?
* \
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\
subscales?
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Pediatric Behavior Rating Scale (PBRS)
what does this test measure?
* early onset bipolar disorder
\
theoretical background?
* designed to distinguish children with early onset bipolar disorder from other children
\
target group?
* children 3→ 18 yrs.
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\+ adequate reliability and validity
\+ separate scales for teachers and parents
\
subscales?
* rating scales for teachers and parents
* 9 scales:
* atipicality
* irritability
* grandiosity
* hyper-activity/impulsivity
* agression
* inattention
* affect
* interaction
* total bipolar score
* early onset bipolar disorder
\
theoretical background?
* designed to distinguish children with early onset bipolar disorder from other children
\
target group?
* children 3→ 18 yrs.
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\+ adequate reliability and validity
\+ separate scales for teachers and parents
\
subscales?
* rating scales for teachers and parents
* 9 scales:
* atipicality
* irritability
* grandiosity
* hyper-activity/impulsivity
* agression
* inattention
* affect
* interaction
* total bipolar score
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adaptive behavior rating scales
Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales
Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales
what does this test measure?
* adaptive skills of people who have developmental/intellectual disabilities
\
theoretical background?
* \
target group?
* individuals with developmental and intellectual disabilities
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\
subscales?
* survey/interview form (interview with the caregiver and parent with purpose of clinician gathering important info)
* parent/caregiver rating form (covers same behaviors but more objectively)
* teacher rating form (same behaviors but focuses on those classroom related)
* adaptive skills of people who have developmental/intellectual disabilities
\
theoretical background?
* \
target group?
* individuals with developmental and intellectual disabilities
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\
subscales?
* survey/interview form (interview with the caregiver and parent with purpose of clinician gathering important info)
* parent/caregiver rating form (covers same behaviors but more objectively)
* teacher rating form (same behaviors but focuses on those classroom related)
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Clinical Assessment Scale for the Elderly (CASE)
what does this test measure?
* measures behavior and personality
\
theoretical background?
* adult behavior rating scale
* omnibus behavior rating scale, designed to be completed by a caregiver
\
target group?
* caregivers of persons aged 55-90 years
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\+ takes
* measures behavior and personality
\
theoretical background?
* adult behavior rating scale
* omnibus behavior rating scale, designed to be completed by a caregiver
\
target group?
* caregivers of persons aged 55-90 years
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\+ takes
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Continuous Performance Test (CPT)
what does this test measure?
* vigilance, sustained and selective attention, executive control and inhibition
\
theoretical background?
* computer-based type of behavioral test
* usually simple stimuli to exclude the effects of short-term memory
* abnormalities in attention can hint at different conditions like bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder
\
target group?
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\+ highly sensitive for detecting disorders of self-regulation, attention, concentration, or inhibition
\+ still offers valuable insights into executive control functions
\- generally does not correlate well with behavioral observations
subscales?
* requires intense levels of concentration for 15-20 minutes
\
* vigilance, sustained and selective attention, executive control and inhibition
\
theoretical background?
* computer-based type of behavioral test
* usually simple stimuli to exclude the effects of short-term memory
* abnormalities in attention can hint at different conditions like bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder
\
target group?
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\+ highly sensitive for detecting disorders of self-regulation, attention, concentration, or inhibition
\+ still offers valuable insights into executive control functions
\- generally does not correlate well with behavioral observations
subscales?
* requires intense levels of concentration for 15-20 minutes
\
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psychophysiological assessment examples
what does this test measure?
* physical changes during some event
\
theoretical background?
\
target group?
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\+ highly sensitive
\- requires careful calibration in addition to standardized protocols
\
subscales?
* **lie detector:** heart rate, respiratory rate, galvanic skin response
* **EEG:** brain activity
* **Electromyographs:** muscle activity
* **penile plethysmograph:** blood rushing to penis (arousal)
* physical changes during some event
\
theoretical background?
\
target group?
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\+ highly sensitive
\- requires careful calibration in addition to standardized protocols
\
subscales?
* **lie detector:** heart rate, respiratory rate, galvanic skin response
* **EEG:** brain activity
* **Electromyographs:** muscle activity
* **penile plethysmograph:** blood rushing to penis (arousal)
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Peabody Picture Vocabulary Tests
what does this test measure?
* hearing vocabulary
* not a good measure of intelligence
\
theoretical background?
\
target group?
* people who are deaf, have neurological speech and hearing impairments, impaired motor abilities (ex. after a stroke)
* 2.5 yrs → 90 + yrs.
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\+ high validity and reliability
\+ good measure of vocabulary
\- validity for intelligence is low
\- biased against african americans from low SES and indigenous americans
\- may underestimate IQ
\- not a valid measure for intelligence
\
subscales?
* 228 testing plates, each with 4 pictures
* four pictures are presented, child points at the one that matches the verbal description the examiner gives (“point to sleeping”)
* gives standard scores (M=100, SD=15)
* hearing vocabulary
* not a good measure of intelligence
\
theoretical background?
\
target group?
* people who are deaf, have neurological speech and hearing impairments, impaired motor abilities (ex. after a stroke)
* 2.5 yrs → 90 + yrs.
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\+ high validity and reliability
\+ good measure of vocabulary
\- validity for intelligence is low
\- biased against african americans from low SES and indigenous americans
\- may underestimate IQ
\- not a valid measure for intelligence
\
subscales?
* 228 testing plates, each with 4 pictures
* four pictures are presented, child points at the one that matches the verbal description the examiner gives (“point to sleeping”)
* gives standard scores (M=100, SD=15)
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screening tests
test that are supposed to identify people with a certain condition or disease before this condition becomes apparent
\
(ex. screening for school readiness before a child goes to school)
\
(ex. screening for school readiness before a child goes to school)
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adaptive tests
computer adaptive testing (CAT)
computer adaptive testing (CAT)
method for administering tests that dynamically adapt to the examinee’s performance levels, varying the difficulty depending on the pervious answers
\
also called tailored testing
\
also called tailored testing
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criterion tests
test that uses test scores to generate a statement about the behavior that can be expected by a person.
\
score is compared to a fixed standard, used in training and rehabilitation
\
example: most achievement tests in school
\
score is compared to a fixed standard, used in training and rehabilitation
\
example: most achievement tests in school
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sentence completion tests
what does this test measure?
* measures underlying attitudes, motivations, and needs
\
theoretical background?
* respondent is presented with a series of items consisting of the first few words of a sentence, task is to provide an ending
\
target group?
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\
subscales?
* themes of the sentences are parents, upbringing, wishes, ideals, relationships
* measures underlying attitudes, motivations, and needs
\
theoretical background?
* respondent is presented with a series of items consisting of the first few words of a sentence, task is to provide an ending
\
target group?
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\
subscales?
* themes of the sentences are parents, upbringing, wishes, ideals, relationships
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BASC 2 - SOS (student observation system)
what does this test measure?
* standardized observational recording system
\
theoretical background?
* used in any setting that has educational goals, uses direct observation in a natural environment (a classroom, etc.)
\
target group?
* students
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\+ unique looks at immediate antecedents and consequences
\+ useful in diagnosis, treatment planning, monitoring changes and treatment effectiveness of high interrater agreement
\
subscales?
* 14 subscales of dimensions of behavior (both positive and negative)
* standardized observational recording system
\
theoretical background?
* used in any setting that has educational goals, uses direct observation in a natural environment (a classroom, etc.)
\
target group?
* students
\
strengths and weaknesses?
\+ unique looks at immediate antecedents and consequences
\+ useful in diagnosis, treatment planning, monitoring changes and treatment effectiveness of high interrater agreement
\
subscales?
* 14 subscales of dimensions of behavior (both positive and negative)
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adaptive behavior tests
tests that assess adaptive behaviors, focus on conceptual skills, social skills, and practical skills
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norm-references tests
tests where the score is compared to a reference group, used to assist in diagnosis and classification
Note 
Flashcards (20)