Lab

Magnification

The increase in apparent size of an object under a microscope compared to its actual size.

Reliable Website Criteria

Website published/updated within the last month is considered reliable for research purposes.

Stains and Contrast

Stains combine with structures to enhance the visibility and contrast of cells under a microscope.

Sudan III

Sudan III is an indicator used to detect the presence of fat in biological samples.

Deficiency in Macromolecules

It is significant to have a balanced diet with all major macromolecules for proper nutrition.

Independent Variable

The independent variable is the factor manipulated or changed in an experiment to observe its effect.

Standardized Variable

A standardized variable is a factor held constant during an experiment to ensure accurate results.

Benedict's Reagent

Benedict's Reagent is used to test for the presence of reducing sugars like glucose.

Lugol's Solution

Lugol's Solution is an indicator used to detect the presence of starch in a sample.

Peroxidase Function

Peroxidase enzyme catalyzes the conversion of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.

Enzyme Activity Calculation

Enzyme activity rate is calculated by subtracting initial absorbance from final absorbance and dividing by time.

Peroxidase Source

Turnip is the source of the enzyme peroxidase used in the lab experiment.

Enzyme Activity Calculation Area

Enzyme activity should be calculated from the linear portion of a graph representing the data.

Enzyme Activity Graphing

Excel is the program used to graph and analyze data related to enzyme activity.

Yeast Metabolism Lab Product

Carbon dioxide is the measured product of the yeast and carbohydrate reaction in the metabolism lab.

Leaf Disk Experiment

Photosynthesis creates oxygen, causing the leaf disks to float after being initially sunk in water.

Variance and Standard Deviation

Standard deviation is the square root of variance, both measures of data dispersion.

Prometaphase

Stage of mitosis where kinetochore microtubules connect to the kinetochores and poles.

Metaphase I

Stage of meiosis I where homologous pairs align on the equatorial plate.

Early Prophase

Stage of meiosis I where chromatin begins to condense after interphase.

Interphase

Stage of mitosis where DNA replicates and centromeres duplicate.

Prophase

Stage of mitosis where chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes.

Osmosis Direction

Water moves from a higher to a lower concentration in osmosis.

Crenation

Cell shrinking is termed crenation.

Hypotonic Solution Effect

Cells swell in a hypotonic solution.

Diffusion Direction

Substances move from a higher to a lower concentration in diffusion.

Isotonic Solution Effect

Cells remain the same size in an isotonic solution.

Accessory Pigment

Chlorophyll A is not an accessory pigment in photosynthesis.

Chlorophyll A

Primary photosynthetic pigment in higher plants.

Cyanobacteria Pigment

Chlorophyll A is used by cyanobacteria in photosynthesis.

Chloroplasts in Cyanobacteria

Cyanobacteria, being prokaryotes, do not have chloroplasts.

Phospholipid Hydrophobic Part

Tails of a phospholipid are hydrophobic.

KOW Estimate

KOW estimates chemical partitioning between water and octanol.

Membrane Lab Treatments

Temperature and organic solvents are the treatments in the membrane lab.

Phospholipid Hydrophilic Part

Heads of a phospholipid are hydrophilic.

Electrophoresis Molecule Separation

Electrical current to the negative electrode causes molecules to separate in electrophoresis.

RNA and DNA Charge

RNA and DNA carry a negative charge.

Complementary Base Pairing

Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C) in DNA through complementary base pairing.

Protein Change by DNA Sequence

Mutations in the DNA sequence can cause significant changes in the protein produced.

Taste PTC Trait

The ability to taste PTC is a dominant genetic trait.

PTC Taste Discovery

The differential ability to taste PTC was discovered due to a lab accident.

Papillae Visibility

Papillae are visible to the naked eye.