AC DC 1-5

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115 Terms

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Energy Conversion

The process of transforming energy from one form to another.

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Mechanical Energy

Energy related to the movement or position of objects.

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Potential Energy

Energy stored in an object due to its position or condition.

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Kinetic Energy

Energy possessed by an object due to its motion.

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Sound Energy

Energy related to the compression and rarefaction of molecules in a substance.

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Chemical Energy

Energy stored in the bonds between atoms in a molecule.

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Electrical Energy

Energy related to the movement or flow of electrons.

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Light Energy

Energy related to the vibration of an electrical charge or magnetic field, producing electromagnetic waves.

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Heat Energy

Energy related to the motion of particles, atoms, or molecules in a substance.

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Nuclear Energy

Energy stored in the bonds between particles in the nucleus of an atom.

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First Law of Thermodynamics

The law of conservation of energy, stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.

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Second Law of Thermodynamics

The law of increased entropy, stating that energy transformations result in some energy being lost as heat.

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Machine

A device that uses energy to perform physical tasks or convert energy from one form to another.

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DC Machine

A rotary electro-mechanical energy conversion device that converts mechanical energy to DC electrical energy or vice versa.

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Electric Motor

A machine that produces rotational mechanical energy to drive external physical loads.

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Electric Generator

A machine that generates electrical energy for use in an external circuit.

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Prime Mover

An initial source of motive power designed to drive a machinery.

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Construction of DC Generator

The process of building and assembling the components of a DC generator.

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Operation of DC Generator

The functioning and performance of a DC generator.

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Principle of Generator Action

The principle that governs the generation of electricity in a generator, which requires a proper relation between the direction of rotation and the field connection to the armature.

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Electromagnetic Induction

The process by which a varying magnetic field induces an electric current in a conductor.

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DC Generator

A type of generator that produces direct current (DC) electricity.

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Field Poles

Magnets or electromagnets that create a magnetic field in a generator.

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Armature

The rotating part of a generator where conductors are wound around.

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Stator

The stationary part of a generator that houses the field poles and provides a path for the magnetic lines of force.

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Yoke

The part of a generator that houses the entire machine and where the magnets/poles are mounted.

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Pole Shoe

The part of a generator that holds the field poles together.

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Rotor

The part of a generator that rotates and contains the conductors.

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Commutator

The part of a generator that collects the current from the armature windings and changes its direction in a DC generator.

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Carbon Brushes

The parts of a generator that harvest the current from the rotating commutator.

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Terminal

The point in a generator where the generated electricity is collected and connected to an external circuit.

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Field Core

The part of a generator that holds the field winding and provides a path for the magnetic lines of force.

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Nameplate

A plate on a generator that displays important information such as its specifications and ratings.

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Principle of Generator Action

The concept that explains how a generator produces electricity through the cutting of magnetic flux by rotating conductors.

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Volt

The unit of measurement for electric potential difference or voltage.

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Flux

The total magnetic field passing through a given area.

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Maxwell

The unit of measurement for magnetic flux.

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Rate of cutting of flux

The speed at which the magnetic flux is being cut by a rotating conductor.

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Second/rev

The unit of measurement for the time it takes to make one complete revolution.

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Total number of conductors

The number of conductors in a generator's armature winding.

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Average generated voltage

The average voltage produced by a generator.

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Armature winding

The winding in a generator that contains the conductors.

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Parallel paths

The number of paths in which the armature conductors are connected in parallel.

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Lap winding

A type of armature winding that forms a loop as it expands around the armature core.

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Wave winding

A type of armature winding that forms a wave as it expands around the armature core.

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Frog-Leg winding

A combination of lap and wave coil windings in an armature winding.

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Number of Parallel Paths

The number of paths in the armature of a machine that are filled with conductors before terminating in a commutator segment.

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Machine's "Plex" Value

The number of revolutions it takes to fill the slots in the armature before terminating in a commutator segment.

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Multiplicity Factor

A factor that increases the number of parallel paths in lap and wave armature windings by a certain factor.

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Lap Winding

A winding configuration in which the number of parallel paths is equal to the multiplicity factor multiplied by the number of poles.

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Wave Winding

A winding configuration in which the number of parallel paths is equal to twice the multiplicity factor.

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Number of Brushes

The number of brushes in a lap or wave winding is equal to the number of poles.

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Simplex Winding

A winding configuration with a multiplicity factor of 1.

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Triplex Winding

A winding configuration with a multiplicity factor of 3.

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Duplex Winding

A winding configuration with a multiplicity factor of 2.

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Quadruplex Winding

A winding configuration with a multiplicity factor of 4.

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Armature

The rotating part of a generator or motor that contains the conductors.

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Flux per Pole

The amount of magnetic flux passing through each pole of a generator.

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Voltage Generated

The voltage produced by a generator when driven at a certain speed and with a certain flux per pole.

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Field Excitation

The application of a DC voltage to the field windings of a generator to create a steady magnetic field.

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Exciting Current

The current that flows through the field windings of a generator when it is being excited.

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Self-Excited Generator

A generator that supplies its own field excitation.

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Separately Excited Generator

A generator that relies on an external source for its field excitation.

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Field Current

The current flowing through the field windings of a generator, which is directly proportional to the amount of flux produced.

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Series Wound Generator

A DC generator in which the field winding is connected in series with the armature.

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Shunt Wound Generator

A DC generator in which the field winding is connected in parallel with the armature.

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Compound Wound Generator

A DC generator that has both series and shunt field windings.

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Series Field

A type of field winding used in DC machines that is made with a few turns of large diameter wire and is connected in series with the armature.

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Shunt Field

A type of field winding used in DC machines that is made with many turns of small diameter wire and is connected in parallel with the armature.

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Self Excited DC Generator

A type of DC generator where the field winding is connected either in series or in parallel with the armature.

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Long-Shunt Compound Generator

A type of self-excited DC generator that has both series and shunt field windings, with the series field connected to the armature.

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Short-Shunt Compound Generator

A type of self-excited DC generator that has both series and shunt field windings, with the series field connected to the load.

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Residual Magnetism

The remaining magnetic energy in the field of a DC generator even when it is turned off, which enables the armature to develop a residual voltage.

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Saturation Curve

The relationship between field current and generated voltage in a DC generator, where at a certain point, increasing the field current does not result in an increase in generated voltage due to the saturation of the field winding core.

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Brush Contact Drop

The voltage drop over the brush contact resistance when current passes from commutator segments to brushes and finally to the external load.

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Armature Current

The current flowing through the armature of a DC generator.

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Induced E.M.F.

The electromotive force generated in the armature of a DC generator.

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Flux per Pole

The amount of magnetic flux produced by each pole of a DC generator.

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Voltage Regulation

The ability of a DC generator to maintain a constant voltage output despite changes in load or speed.

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Voltage Regulation

It is the percentage change in the terminal voltage of a generator when the generator load is varied.

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Terminal Voltage

The voltage at the output terminals of a generator.

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No-load Terminal Voltage

The terminal voltage of a generator when there is no load connected.

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Full-load Terminal Voltage

The terminal voltage of a generator when it is operating at full load.

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Armature Current

The current flowing through the armature winding of a generator.

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Voltage Drop

The decrease in voltage that occurs across a component or circuit due to the resistance or impedance of that component or circuit.

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Flux

The magnetic field produced by the field winding of a generator.

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Counter-flux

The magnetic field produced by the armature winding of a generator that opposes the main flux.

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Degree of Compounding

The adjustment of the generator's voltage to maintain a desired level under varying load conditions.

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Self-excited DC Generator

A DC generator that uses its own output voltage to generate the field current.

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Shunt Wound DC Generator

A DC generator that has the field winding connected in parallel with the armature winding.

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Series Wound DC Generator

A DC generator that has the field winding connected in series with the armature winding.

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Flat-Compounded DC Generator

A self-excited DC generator with a constant field current, resulting in a flat terminal voltage characteristic.

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Under-Compounded DC Generator

A self-excited DC generator with a decreasing field current as the load increases, resulting in a decreasing terminal voltage characteristic.

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Differential-Compound DC Generator

A self-excited DC generator with an increasing field current as the load increases, resulting in an increasing terminal voltage characteristic.

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Applications of DC Generators

Various uses of different types of DC generators in power supply, testing, and other applications.

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Controlling the Terminal Voltage

The process of adjusting the terminal voltage of a DC generator to maintain a desired level.

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Generated Voltage

The voltage produced by a DC generator.

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Prime Mover

The mechanical device that drives the generator, such as an engine or turbine.

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Flux

The magnetic field produced by the field winding of a generator.

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Field Current

The current flowing through the field winding of a generator.