2g Acids, bases and salt preparations(needs finishing)

What are the solubility rules for Na, K, ammonium, nitrates, chlorides, sulphates, carbonates and hydroxides?

• common sodium, potassium and ammonium compounds are soluble

• All nitrates are soluble

• Common chlorides are soluble apart from silver and lead(II)

• Common sulphates are soluble, except for those of barium, calcium and lead(II)

• Common carbonates are insoluble, except for those of sodium, potassium and ammonium

• Common hydroxides are insoluble except for those of sodium, potassium and calcium(calcium hydroxide is slightly soluble)

What are acids in terms of proton transfer

Proton donors

• They ionise in solution producing protons, H+ ions

• These H+ ions make the aqueous solution acidic

E.g. sodium hydroxide

NaOH(s) → Na+(aq) + OH-(aq)

What are bases in terms of proton transfer

Proton acceptors

• they ionise in solution producing OH- ions which can accept protons

• These OH- ions make the aqueous solution alkaline

E.g. sodium hydroxide

NaOH(s) → Na+(aq) + OH-(aq)

General equation when an acid reacts with a metal?

Metal + acid → salt + hydrogen

General equation when acid reacts with a base?

Acid + base → salt + water

What type of metals act as bases in an acid-base reaction?

Metal oxides and metal hydroxides

General equation when an acid reacts with a metal carbonate?

Acid + metal carbonate → salt + water + carbon dioxide

What the difference between a base and an alkali?

A base which is water soluble is referred to as an alkali so, all alkalis are bases but not all bases are alkalis.

Bases are usually ….., ….. or ……. of metals

Oxides, hydroxides or carbonates