Lab Practical Terms: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.5, 5.5-5.7, 7.3

toward the head, upper

superior

lower

inferior

relating to the skull

cranial

relating to a tail

caudal

front of the body

anterior (ventral)

back of the body

posterior (dorsal)

towards the center, midline

medial

towards the side, away from the midline

lateral

lying between two structures

intermediate

part of the body that closer

proximal

part of the body is farther away

distal

on the surface

superficial

away from the surface, further into the body

deep

on the outside of the body

external

on the inside of the body

internal

parietal

cavity

visceral

organ

on the same side

ipsilateral

on the opposite side

contralateral

a collection of organs that work together to complete a common function

organ system

the skin, largest organ of the body which creates a physical barrier

integumentary system

the framework for the body

skeletal system

consisting of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle

muscular system

the sensory and control system consisting of a network of nerve cells (brain, spinal cord, sensory organs)

nervous system

the system of glands that produce secretions that help to control bodily metabolic activity ( hypothalamus, pituitary gland, pineal gland in the brain, the thyroid and parathyroid glands in your neck, the thymus in between your lungs, the adrenals on top of your kidneys, and the pancreas is behind your stomach) endocrine system

endocrine system

consists of your heart and blood vessels that supplies your body's organs with oxygen and nutrients so your organs can do their jobs

cardiovascular system

the tissues and organs that produce, store, and carry white blood cells that fight infections and other diseases (bone marrow, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, and lymphatic vessels)

lymphatic system

the network of organs and tissues that help you breathe which includes your airways, lungs, and blood vessels

respiratory system

the system that makes food absorbable into the body (mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus)

digestive system

the organ system responsible for the production and excretion of urine (kindneys, pelvis, bladder, urethra)

urinary system

The organs involved in producing offspring *ovaries, the fallopian tubes, the uterus, the cervix, the vagina, prostate, the testes, and the penis.)

reproductive system

a fluid filled space which surrounds the brain and spinal cord of vertebrates

dorsal (posterior) cavity

- Also called chest cavity, the second largest hollow space of the body.
- It is enclosed by the ribs, the vertebral column, and the sternum, and is separated from the abdominal cavity by the diaphragm.

thoracic cavity

the cavity enclosed by the skull

cranial cavity

contains the spinal cord, the meninges, and the cerebrospinal fluid

vertebral (spinal) cavity

front aspect of the human body and is made up of the thoracic cavity, and the abdominopelvic cavity.

ventral (anterior) cavity

body cavity that consists of the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity

abdominopelvic cavity

flexible tissue that contains tightly packed bundles of collagen fibers

dense regular connective tissue

a type of dense connective tissue in which the extracellular fibers (in particular, collagen fibers) are not arranged in parallel bundles

dense irregular connective tissue

tissue consisting solely of elastic fibers that is found especially in some ligaments and tendons

elastic tissue

the structural elements found in vertebrate tissues that transmit forces, store, and dissipate energy

collagen fiber

a type of cell that contributes to the formation of connective tissue, a fibrous cellular material that supports and connects other tissues or organs in the body

fibroblast nuclei

a thick very elastic smooth yellowish junction fiber of connective tissue that contains elastin.

elastic fibers

translucent cartilage that is common in joints and the respiratory passages; forms most of the fetal skeleton

hyaline cartilage

a type of cartilage that provides both strength and elasticity to certain parts of the body, such as the ears

elastic cartilage

cartilage that is largely composed of fibers like those in ordinary connective tissue

fibrocartilage

all the connective tissue and extracellular fluid that surrounds all the cells and organs of the body

matrix

the only cells found in healthy cartilage

chondrocytes

dense bone tissue found on the outside of a bone

compact bone

structural unit of compact bone

osteon

a tubular anatomical passage or channel running through the whole length of the spinal cord and continuous anteriorly with the ventricles of the brain.

central canal

a thin layer, plate, or membrane, in any of the hardened layers of which bone is formed

bone lamellae

a dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones and serving as an attachment for tendons and muscles

periosteum

small, spindle-shaped spaces

lacunae

lighter and less dense than compact bone, has red bone marrow

spongy bone

any of various rod-shaped structures that divide organs into separate chambers

trabeculae

vascular membrane that lines the inner surface of long bones

endosteum

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dense regular connective tissue

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dense regular connective tissue

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elastic tissue

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collagen fiber

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fibroblast nuclei

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elastic fibers

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hyaline cartilage

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elastic cartilage

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fibrocartilage

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chondrocytes

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compact bone

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osteon

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central canal

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bone lamellae

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periosteum

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lacunae

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spongy bone

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trabeculae

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endosteum