Classification of Matter and Properties of Matter

30 flashcards covering the classification and properties of matter, including key definitions, examples, and concepts related to changes in states and properties of matter.

Matter

Anything that occupies space and has mass.

Substance

Matter with identical particles and fixed composition.

Mixture

Two or more substances with variable composition.

Element

The simplest form of matter, consisting of identical atoms, listed on the Periodic Table.

Compound

Two or more elements chemically combined in fixed proportions.

Homogeneous Mixture

A mixture with evenly distributed components, also known as a solution.

Heterogeneous Mixture

A mixture with unevenly distributed components that are easily separable.

Colloid

A heterogeneous mixture with small particles dispersed evenly throughout.

Suspension

A heterogeneous mixture with larger particles that may settle over time.

Tyndall Effect

The scattering of light by particles, seen in colloids and suspensions.

Physical Property

A property that can be observed or measured without changing the chemical identity of matter.

Chemical Property

A property that can be observed or measured only by changing the chemical identity of matter.

Melting Point

The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid.

Boiling Point

The temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas.

Viscosity

The resistance of a fluid to flow.

Solubility

A measure of how well a solute dissolves in a solvent.

Density

The mass per unit volume of a substance.

Chemical Change

A change that affects the chemical properties of a substance and creates a new substance.

Physical Change

A change that affects only physical properties without altering the chemical identity.

Law of Conservation of Matter

Matter cannot be created or destroyed; it only changes form.

Combustibility

The ease with which a substance can catch fire.

Reactivity

The ability of a substance to react with acids or bases.

Oxidation

The reaction of a substance with oxygen, often resulting in rust.

Thermal Energy

The total kinetic and potential energy of the particles in a substance.

Kinetic Energy

Energy that an object possesses due to its motion.

Potential Energy

Stored energy based on an object's position.

Temperature

The average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.

Solid

A state of matter with fixed volume and shape, where particles are closely packed.

Liquid

A state of matter with fixed volume but variable shape, adapting to its container.

Gas

A state of matter with no fixed volume or shape, where particles move freely.

Plasma

A state of matter consisting of charged particles with high kinetic energy.

Heat of Fusion

The energy required for a solid to change into a liquid.

Heat of Vaporization

The energy required for a liquid to change into a gas.

Phase Transition

Changes between solid, liquid, and gas states due to thermal energy changes.