introduction to bacteria and viruses

why is microbiology important?

fermentation

disease spread

what is AMR

anti-bacterial resistance refers to when bacterial infections can no longer be treated.

3 domains of life

bacteria

archaea 

eukaryota

how are bacteria characterized?

absence of a nuclear membrane

lack of internal organelles

what are the different shapes of bacteria

coccus -circle

rod(bacillus)- rod

spirillum- bendy rod

spirochetes- bumpy rod

appendaged (prosthetic)-

filamentous- lots of lines

structure of bacteria

cytoplasm

cell wall

cytoplasmic membrane

plasmid

ribosomes

-single cells(unicellular)

gram negative

(pink)

lps released into blood to relieve inflammation

harder to treat

thin peptidoglycan layer

gram positive

singular layer

thick peptidoglycan layer

teichoic acid

what are viruses?

small infectious agents of different hosts

viruses in bacteria

tobacco mosaic virus

viruses in insects

baculovirus

enveloped virus

easier to treat

handwashing removes lipid coat

can viruses contain RNA or DNA

yes example sars-cov-2: positive single-stranded RNA

microbes can be beneficial

e.g. bacteria in gut

rhizosphere in plant root

what is a microbiome

the group of microorganisms associated with something- plays important role in health of host