Solubility

S.N.A.P

Sodium, Nitrate, Ammonium/Acetate, Potassium/Perchlorate are ALWAYS SOLUBLE

ALWAYS SOLUBLE: (Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Rb⁺, Cs⁺,) and NH₄⁺ (S.n.A.P)

EXCEPTIONS: none

ALWAYS SOLUBLE: CH₃COO⁻, HCO₃⁻, NO₃⁻, and ClO₄⁻ (s.N.A.P)

EXCEPTIONS: none

SOLUBLE: Cl⁻, Br⁻, I⁻

EXCEPTIONS: when paired with
Ag⁺, Hg₂²⁺, and Pb²⁺

Ag⁺, Hg₂²⁺, and Pb²⁺

SOLUBLE: SO₄²⁻

EXCEPTIONS: when paired with
Ag⁺, Ba²⁺, Ca²⁺, Hg₂²⁺, Pb²⁺, and Sr²⁺

Ag⁺, Ba²⁺, Ca²⁺, Hg₂²⁺, Pb²⁺, and Sr²⁺

INSOLUBLE: CO₃²⁻, CrO₄²⁻, PO₄³⁻, and S²⁻

EXCEPTIONS: when paired with alkali metals (Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Rb⁺, Cs⁺,) and NH₄⁺ (S.n.A.P)

INSOLUBLE: OH⁻

EXCEPTIONS: when paired with alkali metals (Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Rb⁺, Cs⁺), NH₄⁺ and Ba²⁺ (S.n.A.P + Ba²⁺)

Solubility

The maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given quantity of solvent at a specific temperature.

Molecular Equation

chemical equation in which all reactants and products are presented as molecules or formula units.

Ionic Equation

Chemical equation in which all SOLUBLE ions are represented as dissociated charges ions.

Net Ionic Equation

Includes only the species that are actually involved in the reaction (EXCLUDES spectator ions).

Spectator Ions

Ions that do not participate in the chemical reaction and remain unchanged on both sides of the equation. Generally SOLUBLE in water.

Precipitation Reaction

A reaction that occurs in solution which produces one or more insoluble products.

What is the insoluble product of a precipitation reaction called?

a precipitate