Life is Cellular Quiz

This part of the cell is underneath the cell wall in plant cells and the outside layer of animal cells.

What part of the cell is this and what is its function?

Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane)

It controls what goes in and out of the cells

This part of the cell is the outermost layer of the plant cell and animals do not have this

What part of the cell is this and what is its function? 

Cell Wall 

It provides structural support and protection

What part of the cell is this and what is its function?

Contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and acts as the control center for all cellular activities, such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction

What is the part of the cell that surrounds the nucleus

What part of the cell is that and what is its function?

The Nuclear membrane

to act as a barrier that keeps the nucleus from the cytoplasm

What is the structure inside of the eukaryotic cells

What part of the cell is that and what is its function

Nucleolus

Primary responsible for carrying out the process of synthesizing ribosomal RNA and assembling it with proteins to form ribosomal subunits

What is the fluid that is found in both cells

What part of cell is that and what is its function 

Cytoplasm 

It keeps all the organelles in place in the cell 

What are all the little dots found in both cells and also found on the rough ER

What part of the cell is that and what is its function?

Ribosomes

To synthesis proteins by translating messenger RNA into chains of amino acids

Kind of looks like sea coral and has lots of interconnecting tubes. Close to the nucleus

What part of the cell is this and what is its function?

Smooth ER

synthesis of lipids and detoxifies harmful substances like drugs and poisons 

Has ribosomes attached to it and it is close to the nucleus

What part of the cell is this and what is its function?

Rough ER

Responsible for folding, synthesizing, modifying, and transporting proteins 

What is known as the powerhouse of the cell

What part of the cell is this and what is its function?

Mitochondria

Produces energy in the form of ATP by breaking down nutrients from food

Both plant and animal cells have this but plants have one big one, while animals have many smaller ones

What part of the cell is this and what is its function?

Vacuole

Stores water, nutrients, and waste products

Only found in animal cells and sometimes they fuse together with the vacuole

What part of the cell is this and what is its function?

Lysosomes

They are the cells digestion system, because they break down waste and foreign invaders like bacteria (basically a recycling center)

Kind of look like a sad stack of pancakes and they’re the post office of the cell 

What part of the cell is this and what is its function? 

Golgi Body/Apparatus 

modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for transport to their final destinations

cylindrical organelles found in the cytoplasm animal cells, typically arranged in pairs within a region called the centrosome

What part of the cell is this and what is its function?

Centrioles

organize microtubules and are essential for cell division and the formation of cilia and flagella

Only found in plant cells and has green coloring

What part of the cell is this and what is its function?

Chloroplast

Responsible for photosynthesis

Kind of looks like loose fibers or hair in the cell

What part of the cell is this and what is its function 

Cytoskeleton

providing structural support, maintaining cell shape, enabling cell movement, and organizing cellular contents

rigid, hollow tubes, and a key component of the cytoskeleton

What part of the cell is this and what is its function?

Microtubules

Maintain cell shape, organize cells interior, facilitates cell division, and provides tracks for intracellular transport

Thin protein filaments and main part in cell’s cytoskeleton

What part of the cell is this and what is its function?

Microfilaments

important for cell’s motility, maintain shape, cellular contractility, and cytokinesis

the complex of DNA and proteins that forms chromosomes in the nucleus (The pasta looking stuff in the nucleus) 

what part of the cell is this and what i its function 

Chromatin

tightly package DNA to fit inside the cell nucleus, regulate gene expression, and enable essential DNA processes like replication, repair, and recombination

thread-like structures found in the nucleus of cells that are made of DNA tightly coiled around proteins

What part of the cell is this and what is its function?

Chromosome

storing and transmitting genetic information, and controlling cell division and growth

Robert Hooke

observed a thin slice of cork (Plant material) called what he ended up seeing cells

Leeuwenhoek

observed living organism in pond water under a microscope 

Schleiden

concluded plants have cells in 1839

Schwann

concluded animals are made of cells in 1839

Virchow 

In 1855 he concluded that new cells can only come from pre-existing cells 

What are the 3 parts of the cell theory

Cells are the basic units of life

All organism are made of one or more cells

All cells come from other cells by cell reproduction

Prokaryotes (Pro: no)

Cells do NOT contain nuclei or cell bound organelles (little organs)

Smaller and simpler than eukaryotes

Have genetic material (DNA)

Carry out same activities as eukaryotes (reproduce, move, respond to environment

Examples: Bacteria

Eukaryotes (Eu: do) 

Cells that DO contain a nucleus 

Larger and more complex than prokaryotes

Examples: plants, animals, fungi, and protists (Amoeba, paramecium)  

What two organelles do plant cells have that animal cells do not?

Cell Wall and chloroplasts

Cell membrane is _____ _________

semi preamble

N ——> R ——→ P

Nucleolus makes ribosomes which then makes proteins 

Cell wall has a lipid ____ ____

Lipid bi layer (heads like water and tails hate it)

Describe what an “e” looks like under the microscope compared to the naked eye

Its upside down under a microscope

How much does the ocular lens in our microscopes magnify an image?

10x

What units do we use when measuring with a microscope?

millimeter??

diaphragm

regulates the amount of light going through the stage

nosepiece

revolves to allow changing various objects

objectives

High power objectives provides a magnification of 40x low power objectives provides a magnification of 10x

coarse adjustment knob

Moves stage up and down approximately to correct distance

fine adjustment knob

Permits finer focusing by moving the stage in smaller increments

ocular

Contains lens to increase magnification usually 10x

What is resolving power of a microscope?

Its ability to distinguish between two closely spaced objects as separate entities

How to view specimens on the microscope

place the slide on the stage, turn on the light, and position the lowest power objective lens over the specimen. Look through the eyepiece and use the coarse adjustment knob to slowly move the stage down until the image comes into focus, then use the fine adjustment knob for a sharper image. 

Calculate the total magnification

multiply the magnification of the objective lens by the magnification of the eyepiece (ocular) lens (eyepiece is 10x)

Calculate the diameter of the field of view

Field number/ magnification

Determine number of cells in a specimen at different magnifications when
given only 1 field of view

first determine the diameter of the field of view at each magnification, then estimate the number of cells that fit across the diameter

Specimen size

divide the field of view diameter by the estimated number of specimens that fit across it

Know the formula for calculating the diameter of the high power field of
view. And be able to use it

High-Power Diameter = (Low-Power Magnification / High-Power Magnification) x Low-Power Diameter

If a student views 10 bacteria cells under high power (40x), how many would
you expect the student to see under low power (10x)?

160