apush chapter 10: america's economic revolution
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19 Terms
Who- native-born people against foreign-born people
What- an act of defense and hostility towards foreign-born peoples - many avoided racist arguments but argued about the immigrants place in civilization
Where- US
When- mid 1800s Why- there were a lot of immigrants and so some americans were scared -- many wanted to stop or slow immigration as a whole
Know-Nothings
Who- n/a
What/Why- americans that felt like immigrants would bring bad, radical ideas into the nation - they wanted to restrict as many immigrants in as many ways as possible (through things like banning religious groups or foreigners from holding positions, putting in more laws, etc)
Where- US
When- 1850
Who- n/a
What- boats that carried corn and wheat from the northwest and cotton and tobacco from the soutwest to the farmers in the opposing locations
Where- US (specifically around the Mississippi river and New Orleans
When- 1820s
Why- America was turning to other methods of transportation
Who- N/A
What- the inventor of the Morse telegraph system - involved using wires systems to connect most parts of the country in order to transmit news/messages
Where- US
When- 1844
Why- it helped solve problems surrounding long-distance communication - it allowed communication between cities which helped strengthen the nation - however it further separated the north and south as the telegraph lines were more elaborate in the north
Who- n/a
What- it was a form of organizing a business - used to be inidivudals or limited partnerships but that was changing to corporations - it allowed the accumulation of more wealth and made it possible to have larger technological and business enterprises
Where- US
When-1830s
Why- there were some legal concerns to their formation preventing their development, but once that was resolved, their development progressed rapidly - general incorperations laws allowed corporations to get a charter by paying a fee
Who- n/a
What- a new system that used larger machines powered by water that changed the textile and shoe industry
Where- US
When- 1810s
Why- allowed the american industry to flourish because the factory system allowed more goods to be manufactured more efficiently
Who- introduced into gun factories by Eli Whitney and Simeon North
What- standardized rifle parts that can be used in multiple rifles - produced by manifucaturing machine tools which made these standardized machinery parts
Where- US
When- 1850s
Why- these new machine tools made it a lot easier to manufacture new items - it also revolutionzied other items such as watches, clocks, locomotives, steem enginer, and farming
Who- young women
What- a labor pattern that was mostly young unmarried women - the workers lived in clean facilities and were well taken care of - a contrast to England/ Europe
Where- MA
When- Early 1800s
Why- with the booming manufacturing industry, more hands were needed - even though these women were treated relatively well - transitioning to factory life was difficult
Who- immigrants
What/Why- because of the growing manufacturing industry, more workers were needed (especially after many of the unmarried young women were moving on to other things such as marriage or other occupations)- using immigrant workers was successful because there were large quantities of them and it did not cost much - however because of their lack of familiarity they faced worse working conditions compared to the women
Where- US
When- 1840
Who- craftsmen (printers, cordwainers and later carpenters, joiners, masons, plasterers, etc)
What- organizations of workers to product their positions that were being threatneed by changes in labor systems and protest the new economic orders
Where- US (specifically cities such as Philidelphia, Baltimore, Boston, and New York)
When- 1820s-1830s on a large scale bases (unions formed as early as 1790s)
Why- the transition to modern factory systems displaced skilled artisans/workers because factories were replacing the trades - the new capitalist class was promoting a different way of life and american ideals that the artisan tradition did not fit into
Who- white americans
What- the idea of white americans being free individuals regardless of economic status or occupation
Where- US (in the North particularly)
When- Mid 1800s
Why- workers were proud of their personal freedoms and beleived that they could make descisions and change their lives - this belief in personal freedom and liberty was strong
Who-
What- the fastest-growing group largely due to the growing industrial economy and commercial life
Where- US
When- mid-late 1800s
Why- household inventions improved life
Who- those in the working class
What- the ability to move throughout the economic hierarchy (rags to riches kind of idea)
Where- US
When- mid 1800s
Why- the significant amount helped to limit resentment towards the antebellum era
Who- women (specifically middle class)
What- women dominated the family by various domestic tasks such as housekeeping, caring/bearing children, etc -- additionally birth ratest fell
Where- US
When- around 1850s
Why- women were no longer a part of the money-making aspect of things - as the industrial economy was growing and the household was no longer producing items - factories were. - additionally the contrast between the workplace and the home resulted in the differing societal roles of men and women
Who- women (middle class)
What- a distinct culture among women that promoted the growth of social networks, clubs, and associations - it also allowed the start of feminine literature - it did leave them rather detached from the rest of the world as topics such as politics, puiblic issues, and religion were innapropieate because women had other more important things
Where- US
When- 1830s
Why- most of the women viewed it as a way to show how women were special (qualities that were unique to them and not in men)
Who-a famous showman
What- he opened the American museum and hosted a "freak" show with magicians, ventriloquists, Siamese twins, and other characters - he published his events with large posters and newspaper announcements
Where- New York
When- 1842 (1970s was when he launched the circus)
Why- the idea of personal leisure activities was rare for most except the wealthy, but public leisure was becoming increasingly popular - as a result theaters, performances, minstrel shows, and public sporting events became more frequent amongst the wealthy, middle class, working class, and within african american culture
Who-western farmers
What- concentrating on a single crop for market such as corn, wheat, cattle, sheep, hogs, etc - the northwest specifically profited greatly because of its access to the mississippi river
Where- US (particularly northwest)
When- 1840s Why- the rising farm prices around the world due to the suffering european agriculture and the growing demand of food in industrialized areas of Europe
Who- John Deere
What/Why - they were manufactured at Deere's factor in Illinois and were more durable than the prior cast-iron plow - these improved tools and farm machines helped reduced labor needed for production and helped decrease overuse of soil
Where- Moline Illinois
When- 1847
Who- N/A
What- were mainly the responsibility fo the states to build (because it was too expensive for private corporations), building it (which was over 350 miles) was the greatest construction project for the US
Where- US
When- 1820s and 1830s
Why- trading via river was efficient but not truly enough for farmers of the west nor merchants of the east because they had to deal with things such as mountains - using them was both financially beneficial and an engineering treasure - its extensive use allowed the full cost of construction to be covered within seven years of tolls- it also gave NYC access to Chicago and markets in the west