Lab Practical 1- Microbiology

Helminths

Parasitic roundworms and flatworms.

Eukarya

Domain helminths, photosynthetic and aquatic algae, mold, yeast, and are in.

Animalia

Kingdom helminths are in

Scolex

Structure that is used for attachment in the intestines for tapeworms.

Proglottid

The independent body segments of the tapeworm.

Chinese liver fluke

Clonorchis

Tardigrades

Water bears

Plantae

Kingdom green algae belong to.

Conjugation

The tubes that connect filamentous Spirogyra cells together during sexual reproduction.

Daughter Colonies

Dark circular offspring inside of Volvox algal colonies.

Flagella

Structure that single-celled Chlamydomonas uses for locomotion.

Fungi

The kingdom mold and yeast belong to.

Conidiophores

Structures that produce asexual spores in Penicillium.

Condindia

Asexual spores themselves.

Yeast

Single celled fungi that is known for fermentation and baking.

Bacteria; Bacteria

The domain and kingdom do photosynthetic and aquatic Cyanobacteria.

Oscillatoria

Cyanobacteria that gets its name from its gliding motility.

Heterocysts

Nitrogen-fixing cells in Anabaena.

Gloeocapsa

Cyanobacteria grows as groups of four cells encased in gelatinous sheath and stain roofs.

1 micron

Size of most bacteria.

Compound Light Microscope

Lens do we use to look at bacteria because they are so small.

Morphology

Word used to describe a bacterium’s shape.

Arrangment

Word use to describe how bacteria are grouped.

Cocci

Bacteria that are spherical in shape.

Diplococci

Cocci in pairs

Streptococci

Cocci in chains

Tetrads

Cocci in groups of four

Staphylococci

Cocci in grape-like clusters.

Bacilli

Rod shaped bacterium.

Diplobacilli

Bacilli in pairs.

Streptobacilli

Bacilli in chains.

Spirilla

Corkscrew shaped rigid/inflexible spiral bacteria.

Spirochetes

Spring-shaped flexible spring bacteria.

Syphilis

Treponema pallidum in spirochetes

Virbio

Curved rod shaped bacterium.

Cholera

Diarrheal disease from Vibrio cholerae.

Wet Mount

Kind of slide is made by putting a drop of microbes suspended in a liquid medium on a slide and covering them with a cover slip to observe them.

Brownian Motion

Slight movements of microbes that aren’t motile, but are caused by the interactions of molecules.

Eukarya; Protista

Doman and Kingdom of Protozoans.

Chemoheterotrophs

Organism that gets its energy and carbon by ingesting or absorbing organic matter.

Phagocytosis

Bringing in large particulate matter into the cell.

Pinocytosis

Bringing liquid outside the cell.

Trophozoites

Free living, motile, feeding form of protozoans.

Cyst

Dormant resistant form that some protozoans make to survive periods of environmental stress.

Amebae

Protozoans that use cytoplasmic extensions called pseudopods (flase feet).

Flagellates

Group that uses large whip-like projections called flagella to move.

Ciliates

Group that uses tiny hair-like projections to move or generate water currents for filter feeding.

Apicomplexans

Group that thas mature forms that are non-motile.

Asepsis

The absence of organisms that may cause contamination or disease.

Sterile

Complete absence of all life.

Contamination

Introduction of unwanted organisms called.

Mixed Culture

Culture with more than one species or strain of bacteria.

Pure Culture

Culture with only one species/strain of bacteria.

Colony

Visible growth of bacteria, orginating from a single cell growing on a solid surface.

Culture Media

Liquid or solid nutrients we grow bacteria.

Broth

Liquid media

Agar

This substance, which bacteria can’t degrade is used to make semisolid media like those found in slants and plates.

TSB

Tryptic Soy Broth

TSA

Tryptic Soy Agar

Turbidity

A broth culture when it shows cloudy growth.

Inoculating loop, Inoculating needle, Forceps

Tools used for aseptic technique.

Bunsen Burner

Device used to produce flame.

Alcohol Flaming

How to sterilize forceps.

Hans Gram

Developed gram stain.

Differential Stain

Type of stain the Gram stain and Acid-Fast stain is.

Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive

What a Gram stain might influence the choice of.

Cell Wall

Structure that is different in gram-positive and gram-negative cells.

Gram-Positive

Type of cell has a thick layer of peptidoglycan and stains purple.

Gram-Negative

Type of cell that has a thin layer of peptidoglycan, outer membrane and stains pink.

Crystal Violet

Primary stain in the Gram stain.

Mordant

A chemical that intensifies the reaction between a dye and bacteria.

Grams Iodine

Mordant in the Gram Stain.

Ethanol

Decolorizer in the Gram stain.

Safranin

Counterstain in the Gram Stain.

Cellular morphology and arrangment

What the simple staining allows you to see.

Negative

The charge bacteria have.

Chromophore

Brightly colored part of a dye.

Positively Charged

The charge that the chromophore have in a basic dye.

Stained bacteria

When stained with a basic dye it is

Negative; Background

The charge of chromophore in acidic dye and stains the…

Smear

Background of a thin layer of bacteria spread across the surface of a glass slide.

Heat Fixing

The process of passing the slide over the flame three times after air-drying.

Bibulous Paper

Type of paper do you use to blot dry a slide.

Paul Ehrlich

Inventor of the original Acid-Fast Stain in 1882.

Mycolic Acid

Unique substance is in the cell wall of acid-fast bacteria.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Tuberculosis) & Nocardia Asteroides (Pulmonary Infection, mycetoma)

Two acid fast genera and the disease associated with them.

Carbolfuchsin

Primary stain in the Ziel-Neelsen acid-fast stain method.

Alcohol

Decolorizer in the acid-fast stain.

Methylene Blue

Counter stain in the acid-fast stain.

Red

Color acid-fast cells appear.

Blue

Non-acid fast cells.

Vegetative Cell

An actively growing and metabolizing bacterial cell.

Endospore

A dormant resistant structure that some bacteria make in times of stress.

Cryptobiotic State

The state of no measurable metabolic activity that an endospore exists in.

Central Spore

Spore in middle of the cell.

Terminal Spore

Spore located at the end of the cell.

Subterminal Spore

When a spore is not quite in the middle and not quite at the end.

Sporangium

When the cell swells up around the spore.

Clostridium Botulinum

Spore forming species causes botulism, a deadly form of food poisoning that paralyzes the muscles.